<p>Normal School for Colored Girls established in Washington, D.C., in 1851 as an institution of learning and training for young African-American women, especially to train teachers.</p><br>
<p>As Miner Normal School, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>19th century</h3><br>
<p>The school was founded by Myrtilla Miner in 1851, with the encouragement from Henry Ward Beecher and funding from a Quaker philanthropist after the school in Mississippi where she taught refused her permission to conduct classes for African American girls. While inappropriate today, the use of the term "colored" was considered polite in 19th century speech. However, some sources refer to the school as the "Miner School for Girls".</p><br>
<p>Although the school offered primary schooling and classes in domestic skills, its emphasis from the outset was on training teachers. Miner stressed hygiene and nature study in addition to rigorous academic training.</p><br>
<p>Within 2 months of opening, school enrollment grew from 6 to 40. Despite hostility from a portion of the community, the school prospered with the help of continued contributions from Quakers and a gift from Harriet Beecher Stowe (sister of Beecher) of $1,000 of the royalties she earned from Uncle Tom&#39;s Cabin.</p><br>
<p>As it grew, the school was forced to move three times in its first two years, but in 1854 it settled on a 3-acre (1.2-hectare) lot with house and barn on the edge of the city. Around this time, Emily Edmonson enrolled in the school. To help protect the school and those involved with it, the Edmonson family took up residence on the grounds and both Emily Edmonson and Myrtilla Miner learned to shoot.</p><br>
<p>In 1856 the school came under the care of a board of trustees, among whom were Beecher and wealthy Quaker Johns Hopkins. By 1858 six former students were teaching in schools of their own. By that time Miner&#39;s connection with the school had been lessened by her failing health, and from 1857 Emily Howland was in charge.</p><br>
<p>In 1860 the school had to be closed, and the next year Myrtilla Miner went to California in an attempt to regain her health. A carriage accident in 1864 ended that hope, and Miner died shortly after her return to Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, on March 3, 1863, the United States Senate granted the school a charter as the "Institution for the Education of Colored Youth" and named Henry Addison, John C. Underwood, George C. Abbott, William H. Channing, Nancy M. Johnson, and Myrtella Miner as directors.</p><br>
<p>From 1871 to 1876 the school was associated with Howard University. In 1879, as Miner Normal School, it became part of the District of Columbia public school system.</p><br>
<h3>20th century</h3><br>
<p>In 1929 an act of the USA Congress accredited it as Miner Teachers College.</p><br>
<p>In 1955 the school merged with Wilson Teachers College to form the District of Columbia Teachers College. In 1976, this was incorporated into the University of the District of Columbia.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The current Colonial Revival—Georgian Revival style building, built in 1913, was designed by Leon E. Dessez and Snowden Ashford.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<h3>Students</h3><br>
<p>Louise Daniel Hutchinson historian, attended the school.</p><br>
<p>Ruby Hurley graduate, NAACP leader</p><br>
<h3>Faculty and staff</h3><br>
<p>Marguerite Williams, American geologist</p><br>
<p>Banks Lake is a 27 mi long reservoir in central Washington in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Part of the Columbia Basin Project, Banks Lake occupies the northern portion of the Grand Coulee, a formerly dry coulee near the Columbia River, formed by the Missoula Floods during the Pleistocene epoch. Grand Coulee Dam, built by the United States Bureau of Reclamation on the Columbia River created Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, the reservoir on the river behind the dam. The surface of Lake Roosevelt is several hundred feet above the original Columbia River, making it easier to pump water 280 ft up and out of the river&#39;s canyon into the adjacent Grand Coulee. Two low earth-fill dams, Dry Falls Dam and North Dam, keep the water in the Grand Coulee, thus creating the reservoir named Banks Lake. It is named after Frank A. Banks, the construction supervisor at Grand Coulee Dam.</p><br>
<p>At the north end of Banks Lake the city of Grand Coulee and the town of Electric City are located. Steamboat Rock State Park is in the north-central portion. The town of Coulee City is at the south end of the lake. From the south end, the water stored in Banks Lake is distributed over a large region for irrigation of the Columbia Basin Project.</p><br>
<h2>Satellite photo</h2><br>
<p>In this summertime photo, the land appears in shades of beige, brown, and green. In contrast to the rugged, irregular contours of local peaks, cultivated land appears as a network of rectangles, some deep green, others beige or tan. Bright green dots reveal fields watered with center-pivot irrigation systems. The greatest concentration of agricultural fields occurs south of the dam. North of the reservoir, vegetated hills predominate. Flatter terrain not under cultivation appears gray-beige, likely resulting from sparse vegetation, especially in the northwest.</p><br>
<p>Dubysa, at 131 km, is the 15th longest river solely in Lithuania. It originates just a few kilometers from Lake Rėkyva near Šiauliai city. At first it flows south, but at Lyduvėnai turns southeast and near Ariogala - southwest. Dubysa is a Samogitian river. The first few kilometres of Dybysa are also known as Genupis or Šventupis.</p><br>
<p>Dubysa has about 40 tributaries, the largest being Kražantė on the right and Šiaušė, Gryžuva, and Gynėvė on the left. Kražantė (86 km) is almost twice as long as the upper reaches of Dubysa before the confluence (47 km). Even though Kražantė&#39;s basin is somewhat smaller, it should be considered the main river. Dubysa is mainly fed by rainfall and melting snow, therefore its water levels change rapidly. The maximum depth is about 4 m.</p><br>
<p>The valley of Dubysa is one of the highest and widest in Lithuania. The valley reaches 20–40 m in height and 300–500 m in width. It was formed during the last glacial period. Near Lyduvėnai there is a railroad bridge across the valley, which is the highest and longest such bridge in Lithuania. The bridge was first built by the Germans during World War I. In 1918 an iron railway bridge replaced it.</p><br>
<p>Dubysa is connected with the Venta River by the abandoned Windawski Canal started in 1825 by the authorities of the Russian Empire. The canal is 15 km in length and was supposed to have 20 locks. The intention was to connect the Neman basin with the Baltic Sea through the port of Ventspils. The lower reaches of Neman were under Prussian control. The work was interrupted by the Uprising of 1831. The work resumed only at the beginning of the 20th century but was interrupted again by the World War I. After the war there was no purpose for the canal as Lithuania gained control over the Klaipėda region and lower reaches of Neman. The canal was based on the Kartuva rivulet.</p><br>
<p>Dubysa ichthyological reserve was established in 1974. It protects spawning areas of vimba and other ca. 25 species of fish. The reserve protects Dubysa below Ariogala down to its mouth (some 25 km of the river). Dubysa Regional Park was established in 1992 to protect the Dubysa valley, landscape and cultural heritage, including the birthplace of poet Maironis. The park also encourages eco-tourism. It covers is located in the territories of the Kelmė and Raseiniai district municipalities.</p><br>
<p>The Moravian–Silesian Beskids  is a mountain range in the Czech Republic with a small part reaching to Slovakia. It lies on the historical division between Moravia and Silesia, hence the name. It is part of the Western Beskids, which is in turn part of the Outer Western Carpathians.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The mountains were created during the Alpine Orogeny in the Cenozoic. Geologically, they consist mainly of flysch deposits. In the north, they steeply rise nearly 1,000 m over a rather flat landscape; in the south, they slowly merge with the Javorníky. In the south-west, they are separated from the Vsetínské vrchy by the Rožnovská Bečva valley; in the north-east, the Jablunkov Pass separates them from the Silesian Beskids.</p><br>
<p>The highest point is Lysá hora mountain at 1,323 m, which is one of the rainiest places in the Czech Republic with around 1,500 mm of precipitation a year. Many legends are bound to Radhošť Mountain, 1,129 m, which is one of the most visited places in the mountains together with the nearby Pustevny resort.</p><br>
<p>Smrk, with a height of 1,276 m, is the second highest summit of the range. Its northern slope steeply rises from the surrounding lowlands and is separated from the rest of the mountains by the deep Ostravice River (in the east) and Čeladenka (in the west) river valleys; in the south, it merges in the lower Zadní hory (i.e. Rear mountains) area.</p><br>
<p>The Moravian-Silesian Beskids create the largest part of the Beskydy Landscape Protected Area (Chráněná krajinná oblast Beskydy or CHKO Beskydy for short). The mountains are 80% forested, though mainly by plantations of spruce which were in some parts severely damaged by emissions from the Ostrava industrial region. Originally, the mountains were covered by mixed forest with dominant beech which are preserved in many places. Recently, permanent occurrence of all three large Central European carnivores – lynx, bear and wolf – have been confirmed in the area.</p><br>
<p>There are many popular holiday resorts for both winter and summer activities, with centers in the towns under the mountains (Frýdlant nad Ostravicí, Frenštát pod Radhoštěm, Rožnov pod Radhoštěm) and also in smaller resorts, hamlets and chalets throughout the mountains, especially on the ridges.</p><br>
<p>Parts of two euroregions, the Beskydy/Beskidy and Těšínské Slezsko/Śląsk Cieszyński, reach into the Moravian-Silesian Beskids.</p><br>
<p>Mount Zeil is a mountain situated in the western MacDonnell Ranges in Australia&#39;s Northern Territory. It is the highest peak in the Northern Territory, and the highest peak on the Australian mainland west of the Great Dividing Range.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It is believed that Mount Zeil was named during or following Ernest Giles 1872 expedition, probably after Count Zeil, who had recently distinguished himself with geographic explorations in Spitzbergen; a footnote in Giles published journal implies that the naming was instigated by his benefactor, Baron Ferdinand von Mueller.</p><br>
<h2>Aboriginal naming</h2><br>
<p>The indigenous name for Mount Zeil in the Western Arrernte language is Urlatherrke, referring to the Yeperenye caterpillars.</p><br>
<p>Black Mountain is a large hill which overlooks the city of Belfast, Northern Ireland.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is one of the most prominent features of the city, towering above most of west Belfast. It reaches a height of 1,275 ft and is composed of basalt with limestone underneath, as is Cavehill further north. There have been flint finds in the area, which also contains raths, deserted farms and overgrown paths joining the fields and homesteads and trails scattered over the mountain. On a clear day there are views of Strangford Lough, the Mournes and the Sperrins, as well as Scotland and Donegal.</p><br>
<p>There is a well-known field located on the Black Mountain, this is called the Hatchet Field, it is so called because it is in the shape of an old-fashioned hatchet. Also located on top of the mountain (Wolfe Hill) is a police barracks belonging to the Police Service of Northern Ireland and the Black Mountain transmitting station which is a broadcasting and telecommunications facility. One way to proceed up the mountain is by the Mountain Loney, a path leading up the mountain and across the Hatchet Field. This path is found adjacent to Dermot Hill, a housing estate in west Belfast, and is popular with walkers and tourists.</p><br>
<p>For many years people have lobbied for the preservation of the Belfast Hills, hoping to bring an end to many years of quarrying. The quarry is steep and deeply excavated and the basalt from it is used mostly for road stone.</p><br>
<h2>Awards</h2><br>
<p>Amazing Spaces award (8 November 2005)</p><br>
<p>Mount Tallac is a mountain peak southwest of Lake Tahoe, in El Dorado County, California. The peak lies within the Desolation Wilderness in the Eldorado National Forest. It is quite visible from State Routes 89 and 28, and USA Route 50. A "cross of snow" is clearly visible on the mountain&#39;s face during the winter, spring, and early summer months.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is shown on maps of the Whitney Survey as Chrystal Peak. In 1877, the Wheeler Survey named the peak "Tallac", after the Washo word "daláʔak", meaning big mountain.</p><br>
<p>An estimated 10,000 climb the peak each year via routes approaching the summit from Desolation Wilderness to the west, Fallen Leaf Lake to the East, and access roads from the north. Wilderness permits are required to hike Mount Tallac.</p><br>
<p>The opening sequence of the TV series Bonanza was filmed at the McFaul Creek Meadow, with Mount Tallac in the background.</p><br>
<p>Herald Island  is a small, isolated Russian island in the Chukchi Sea, 70 km to the east of Wrangel Island. It rises in sheer cliffs, making it quite inaccessible, either by ship or by plane. The only sliver of accessible shoreline is at its northwestern point, where the cliffs have crumbled into piles of loose rocks and gravel. Its area is 11.3 km&sup2; and the maximum height above sea level is 364 m. The island is unglaciated and uninhabited.</p><br>
<p>Herald Island belongs administratively to the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of the Russian Federation. Along with Wrangel Island, Herald Island is part of the Wrangel Island Wildlife Preserve, a Russian National Park, since 1976. Cape Dmitrieva on Herald Island, marks the easternmost limits of the nature reserve.</p><br>
<p>Herald Island is named after survey vessel HMS Herald, from which the island was discovered in 1849.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Herald Island is composed of sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks. The northeastern tip of this island consists of a 600 m-thick sequence of sandstone, phyllite, quartzose sandstone, quartz-chlorite-sericite schist mylonite, and cataclastic quartz syenite. These rocks are of either Proterozoic or Late Paleozoic age. The bulk of this island consists of a Jurassic granite pluton.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>The climate is severe. For most of the year, the region is covered by masses of cold Arctic air with low moisture and dust content. In summer, warmer and moister Pacific air blows from the south-east. Dry and strongly warmed air masses periodically blow from Siberia.</p><br>
<p>The polar day lasts from the middle of May until the 20th of July. The polar night lasts from the middle of November through the end of January.</p><br>
<p>Winters are prolonged, and characterized by sustained freezing weather and strong northern winds. The mean temperature in January is -21.3 &deg;C, and the coldest months are February and March. During this period the temperature can remain below -30 &deg;C over a period of weeks, with frequent snowstorms and wind speeds of 40 m/s or more. The summer is cool, with some frosts and snowfall. The mean temperature in July fluctuates from 2 to 2.5 C. The mean relative humidity is around 88%, and the yearly precipitation is around 120 mm.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Several nations have participated in the discovery and exploration of Herald Island. The island was discovered in 1849 by Sir Henry Kellett, captain of the survey vessel HMS Herald, who was searching for the vanished expedition of Sir John Franklin. Kellett landed on Herald Island and named it after his ship. He also sighted Wrangel Island in the distance.</p><br>
<p>Herald Island was next visited in 1855 by the USS Vincennes under Lt. John Rodgers. An attempt was made to reach Wrangel Island, which was inaccessible because of sea ice. The ill-fated Arctic expedition of George W. DeLong in the Jeannette entered sea ice near Herald Island in 1879, hoping to reach Wrangel Island and open water near the North Pole. No landing was made, and the ship remained trapped in ice until it was finally crushed. In 1881, the US revenue cutter Corwin under Calvin L. Hooper searched Herald Island for message cairns or other signs that might have been left by the Jeannette crew. With the aid of John Muir&#39;s mountaineering skills, they were able to reach the top of the island and conduct a thorough search, as well as make geological and biological observations and collect specimens.</p><br>
<p>No wintering has been recorded on Herald Island, but four crewmen of the ill-fated exploration ship Karluk, flagship of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, reached Herald Island in January 1914 after their ship sank crushed by ice. These four men, Sandy Anderson, Charles Barker, John Brady and Edmund L. Golightly, died there without leaving any record. Their skeletons were found in 1924 by Captain Louis Lane&#39;s expedition on the MS Herman. The cause of their death still remains a mystery because there was enough food and ammunition in the place where their remains were found.</p><br>
<p>In 1916 the Russian ambassador in London issued an official notice to the effect that the Imperial government considered Herald, along with other Arctic islands, integral parts of the Russian Empire. This territorial claim was later maintained by the Soviet Union. In 1926, the Soviet icebreaker Stavropol under G.A. Ushakov approached Herald Island, but was unable to come to shore because of thick sea ice. The icebreaker Krasin made several attempts to reach Herald Island in 1935 while en route to Wrangel Island, but was hindered by thick fog. A landing was finally made on the return trip, when the island was fully surveyed.</p><br>
<p>Some USA individuals, including the group State Department Watch, assert American ownership of Herald Island based on the 1855 landing. A 1988 resolution of the Alaska State Senate supported this claim. However, the United States government has never claimed Herald Island, and recognizes it as Russian territory. In 1994, the Alaska State Supreme Court ruled in D. Denardo v. State of Alaska that Herald Island, along with several other islands, is not part of Alaska.</p><br>
<p>In 2004 Herald Island and neighboring Wrangel Island, along with their surrounding waters, were added to UNESCO&#39;s World Heritage List.</p><br>
<p>Glenn Dale Hospital was a tuberculosis sanatorium and isolation hospital in Glenn Dale, Maryland, in the United States. It is a large facility, consisting of 23 buildings on 216 acre, that was built in 1934 and closed in 1981 due to asbestos.</p><br>
<p>Though it is now closed and may be eventually demolished, for decades it was an important public health institution near Washington, DC. The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission Park Police patrol the hospital grounds regularly.</p><br>
<h2>Grounds</h2><br>
<p>The hospital grounds consist of several buildings:</p><br>
<p>Childrens Nurses Home</p><br>
<p>Children&#39;s Hospital Building</p><br>
<p>Residence "D" Dormitory</p><br>
<p>Building "C" Nurses&#39; Home</p><br>
<p>Building "F" Duplex House</p><br>
<p>Building "D" Doctor&#39;s House</p><br>
<p>Building "G" Duplex House (Superintendent&#39;s Residence)</p><br>
<p>Building "E" Doctor&#39;s House</p><br>
<p>Adult Hospital Building</p><br>
<p>Warehouse and Mechanics Garage</p><br>
<p>Heating and Power Plant</p><br>
<p>Sludge Bed Enclosure</p><br>
<p>Sedimentation and Control Building</p><br>
<p>Water Softener House</p><br>
<p>Pump House</p><br>
<p>Employee Building</p><br>
<p>Laundry</p><br>
<p>Residence "C" Dormitory</p><br>
<p>Hot House</p><br>
<p>Four Apartment Building No. 1</p><br>
<p>Four Apartment Building No. 2</p><br>
<p>Paint and Repair Shop</p><br>
<p>Incinerator</p><br>
<p>Other parts of the hospital include: art rooms, staff housing, nurses&#39; homes, playgrounds, theater, seclusion rooms, storage areas, chapels, morgues, and boiler rooms.</p><br>
<p>The buildings are characterized by broken glass, peeling paint, corroded walls and overgrown vines. Several of the buildings also have collapsed roofs.</p><br>
<p>The children&#39;s hospital building and adult hospital building are the most widely explored structures by local trespassers. This is primarily due to their close distance to Glenn Dale Road, a local street that bisects the hospital grounds.</p><br>
<p>Contrary to popular belief, the large incinerator present on the hospital grounds was not used for the destruction of human remains. Instead, hospital waste was burned.</p><br>
<p>Both the childrens and adults buildings are connected by a series of underground tunnels, like many sanitariums. These walkways join the basements of both buildings together. The basements of the hospital buildings are extremely dangerous and filthy. Large pieces of rusty, sharp metal, cloth and debris hang from the ceiling, and the buildings contain large amounts of asbestos and lead paint. Each hospital basement has its own morgue. Today, these walkways are littered with garbage, broken glass, and graffiti. The hospital basements are also infested with rats and bats. In addition, parts of the walkways are flooded with nearly 3 ft of water.</p><br>
<h2>Proposed sale</h2><br>
<p>In 1994, Maryland enacted a law that requires if the grounds are sold, they are supposed to be used as a continuing care retirement community. The rest of the land is meant to be open space park land. In 1995, the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission (MNCPPC) purchased the property from the District of Columbia. Under the deed, if the MNCPPC receives more than its cost from selling the property, it must share the proceeds with the District.</p><br>
<p>In June 2010, MNCPPC advertised for proposals to purchase the 60 acre hospital campus "as is" with the MNCPPC retaining the surrounding 150 acre. Final bids were due on September 14, 2010, but that deadline was extended to October 15, 2010. Ultimately, two bids were received, but the MNCPPC rejected both bids on the basis that neither bidder was licensed to operate a continuing care retirement community. In the meantime, the Countywide Historic Preservation Staff of MNCPPC is preparing an application to designate the hospital on the National Register of Historic Places, which would make tax credits available for restoration. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in November 2011. In 2014, Preservation Maryland placed the Glenn Dale Hospital on its list of threatened historic properties.</p><br>
<h2>"Quarantined"</h2><br>
<p>The hospital was featured in an award-winning Washington Post Magazine article, "Quarantined," on Dec. 10, 2006 by Leah Y. Latimer, former staff writer and author. The article detailed Latimers mothers hospitalization there in the 1950s and the emotional fall-out for their family from then to the present. Latimer gave a lecture on the actual grounds of Glenn Dale on October 4, 2008. It was the first time the public was allowed on the grounds in almost 30 years. The unadvertised event drew more than 150 people.</p><br>
<p>The Großer Plöner See  or Lake Plön is the largest lake  in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is located near the town of Plön. Its main tributary, as well as its main outflow, is the River Schwentine.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>General</h3><br>
<p>With an area of about 30 km² and a depth of up to 58 m the Großer Plöner See is the largest and deepest lake in the state of Schleswig-Holstein. It lies wholly within the Holstein Switzerland Nature Park.</p><br>
<p>On its north shore lies the county town of Plön, whose emblem depicts the lake below Plön Castle situated on a hill. Other settlements on the shore of the Großer Plöner See are Bosau, Dersau and Ascheberg.</p><br>
<h3>Origin</h3><br>
<p>The Große Plöner See emerged as a consequence of the glaciation of Schleswig-Holstein after the last ice age. It is a typical Weichselian glacial lake known as a Zungenbecken, whose shape may be especially well seen on the southern shore between Bosau and Nehmten. Two glaciers were largely responsible for forming the 58 m deep Plön Basin in the east at and shallower 30 m deep Ascherberger Basin in the west. The northern boundary of the lake consists of a land bridge between the Great and Little Plön Lakes, which was formed during a later advance of the ice sheet as a terminal moraine.</p><br>
<h3>Islands</h3><br>
<p>The eastern and the western parts of the lake are connected by an area of shallow water which was designated in 1992 as a nature reserve. In this area is the largest of the islands, providing a sheltered and quiet, breeding and moulting area for bird species such as white-tailed eagle, goldeneye, goosander and greylag goose.</p><br>
<p>The Princes&#39; Island (Prinzeninsel), which became a peninsula in the 19th century when the water level was artificially lowered, extends from here for 2 km to the north and is a popular summer destination for tourists.</p><br>
<p>Another nature reserve that has existed since 1955, is located in the western part of the lake around the Ascheberger Warder. Overall, there are more than 20 islands scattered around the Großer Plöner See.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Settlement</h3><br>
<p>The lakeshore was used during the Middle Stone Age (c. 10000–4300 BC) by hunters, gatherers and fishers. From the New Stone Age (c. 4300–2300 BC), through the Bronze Age (c. 2300–550 BC) and into the Iron Age (c. 550 BC–400 AD) it was settled by farmers more or less continuously.</p><br>
<p>From the 8th to the 12th century the region around the Plöner See was settled by Slavs. There is still evidence of this in the Olsborg, an island south of Plön, that was heavily fortified. The Slavs called it Plune, which meant "ice-free water". In 1139 the Holstein count Adolf II of Schauenburg destroyed the fort and ended Slav rule over the Plön region.</p><br>
<h2>Economic use</h2><br>
<p>The lake area is divided amongst several private owners as well as the state of Schleswig-Holstein. About 900 ha of the lake is rented out until 2020.</p><br>
<p>The lake is fished by several professional fishermen. Species of fish include eel, perch, bream, pike, tench, carp, whiting and whitefish.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism and leisure facilities</h2><br>
<p>The lake and its surroundings are a popular recreational area for residents of the metropolitan areas of Kiel, Lübeck and Hamburg as well as a centre of tourism within Holstein Switzerland.</p><br>
<p>There are a total of 15 bathing sites. Some campsites (including Bosau and Ruhleben) are located directly on the lakeshore. There is a wide range of recreational activities such as boating, sailing, diving and fishing. During the summer pleasure boats ply the lake.</p><br>
<p>The Catlow Theater is a historic single-screen movie theater located in downtown Barrington, Illinois, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Wright Catlow was a businessman in Barrington whose father had commissioned The Auditorium in 1914, a gathering place for dances and community meetings. Seeking to follow his father&#39;s legacy and build a community building, Catlow commissioned the theater in May 1927.</p><br>
<p>Betts & Holcomb served as the architects and the interiors were designed by Prairie School sculptor and designer Alfonso Iannelli. The theater was primarily designed in the Tudor Revival style ornamented to portray a medieval English hall. In large part due to Iannellis involvement, the Catlow is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Iannellis Catlow design includes the stenciling on the Catlow&#39;s ceiling, walls and beams along with the sculpted gargoyle-like heads that border each ceiling truss and the "Fountain Idyll" sculpture in the inner lobby. Other highlights include three coat-of-arms wall murals, iron wall sconces, the detailed woodwork on both of the organ lofts and the original hand painted stage curtain.</p><br>
<p>Catlow&#39;s brother Chester played the theater organ. The theater originally showed silent films and featured vaudeville performances on Sundays. These performances attracted talent such as Gene Autry and Sally Rand. In 1934, the theater began to show only movies. Catlow sold the theater to film booker Ed Skehan in 1964. On August 21, 1989, the theater was recognized by the National Park Service with a listing on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Saint Paul Public Library is a library system serving the residents of Saint Paul, Minnesota, in the United States. The library system includes a Central Library, twelve branch locations, and a bookmobile. It is a member of the Metropolitan Library Service Agency, a consortium of eight Twin Cities library systems.</p><br>
<h2>Origin</h2><br>
<p>The Saint Paul Public Library traces its beginnings to 1856 when the newly formed Young Men&#39;s Christian Association opened a reading room. The following year, both the Saint Paul Library Association and the Mercantile Library Association also were organized. These early efforts all merged in 1863 into the Saint Paul Library Association.</p><br>
<p>In 1879, under the leadership of Alexander Ramsey, the Library Association proposed that the City accept responsibility for their collections and establish it as a free public library. Finally, on September 7, 1882, the city council approved an appropriation of $5,000 to establish the Saint Paul Public Library. By this date, the collection had grown to include 8,051 books.</p><br>
<p>In the following years, the Library grew rapidly. As early as 1890, there were calls for the construction of a new building. Instead, in 1900, the Library moved to the old Market Hall, located on Seventh Street. Many civic leaders continued to push for the construction of a new building, but the Library remained in the Market Hall until a fire in 1915 destroyed the entire building, including the Library and most of its collection of 158,000 books. At the time of the fire, construction of the new Central Library was already underway.</p><br>
<p>Planning for the new Central Library had occurred well before the 1915 fire. Under the leadership of Mayor Lawler in 1909, serious work began on building a new Library. A site was chosen on Rice Park, and in 1910, the Library board began discussing how to raise the $500,000 it was estimated the new building would cost.</p><br>
<p>By 1912, railroad baron James J. Hill had offered to contribute $700,000 specifically for the construction and endowment of a reference library attached to the public library. Almost simultaneously, $100,000 toward the project was raised through a subscription campaign, $30,000 was received through a bequest from Greenleaf Clark, and the state legislature authorized the sale of $600,000 in bonds for the construction of the new facility. By the fall of 1912, the Library board had hired Charles Soule, a Boston library consultant, to assist in planning the new facility. Ground was broken for Central Library in 1914. Ultimately, the entire building, including the Hill Reference Library, was erected at a cost of approximately $1.5 million.</p><br>
<h2>Expansion</h2><br>
<p>The Central Library opened in 1917. In that same year, three Carnegie library branches opened -- Arlington Hills Library, Riverview Branch Library, and Saint Anthony Park. All four buildings are still in operation as libraries. The Central Library has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1975.</p><br>
<p>The library started an extension division in the 1920s provided books for various public schools in Ramsey County outside of Saint Paul. This division became the Ramsey County Library in 1951.</p><br>
<p>Expansion of the Saint Paul Public Library continued in 1930, when the Hamline and Merriam Park libraries opened. Both branches were made possible by a bequest from the estate of Henry Hale. In the 1970s the Carnegie library began to sink so In 1993, after the demolition of the old building, a new 14,500 square foot Merriam Park library opened in the same location at a cost of $2.7 million.</p><br>
<p>In 1945 the Friends of the Saint Paul Public Library was formed to encourage and stimulate use and support of the library.</p><br>
<p>The 1950s saw three more branches open: Rice Street in 1952, Highland Park in 1954, and Hayden Heights in 1955. The Highland Park library was remodeled and enlarged in 1975, then closed again for six months in 1995 for further expansion and conjunction to the Hillcrest Recreation Center. Groundbreaking for a new Hayden Heights library commenced on August 23, 1977 across the street from the original location. The new building opened in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Centre Theater on University Avenue was remodeled and opened as the Lexington branch in 1967 the old theater building served the library from 1967-2006 In 1970, the Sun Ray library opened.</p><br>
<p>The 21st century saw further changes to the library system. The Central Library closed in October 2000 to undergo a $16 million renovation project and re-opened on October 5, 2002. In 2004, the Dayton&#39;s Bluff branch opened in the new Library and Learning Center of Metropolitan State University. Replacing the Lexington branch, the Rondo Community Outreach Library opened in 2006 in a mixed-use facility including 98 housing units. Groundbreaking on a combined library and recreation center in the Payne-Phalen neighborhood took place on July 26, 2012. The new facility replaced the Arlington Hills Library and was dubbed the Arlington Hills Community Center, which opened on May 22, 2014. The Sun Ray and Highland Park locations closed on December 2, 2013, for extensive renovations, and reopened in fall of 2014. The Central Library was renamed "George Latimer Central Library" in honor of the former mayor of Saint Paul on June 10, 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Racial Equity Initiative</h2><br>
<p>In 2014, the library launched the Saint Paul Public Library Racial Equity Initiative in conjunction with the Saint Paul Racial Equity Initiative. The initiative entailed a number of changes in policy, which affected its workforce and services in relation to people of color.Urban Libraries Council. (n.d.). SAINT PAUL PUBLIC LIBRARY RACIAL EQUITY INITIATIVE</p><br>
<p>St. Paul Public Library, MN. Retrieved from The library was recognized as a 2016 innovator by the Urban Libraries Council and was presented with the councils Equity Award in October 2016. To add additional support to the citys initiative, the library launched a "" libguide.</p><br>
<h2>Directors</h2><br>
<p>Kit Hadley 2009-2015</p><br>
<p>Jane Eastwood 2015-</p><br>
<p>The Crenshaw House  is a historic former residence and alleged haunted house located in Equality Township, Gallatin County, Illinois. The house was constructed in the 1830s. It was the main residence of John Crenshaw, his wife, and their five children.</p><br>
<p>In 2004, the National Park Service named the mansion as a "station" on the Reverse Underground Railroad to acknowledge Crenshaw&#39;s practice of kidnapping free blacks in Illinois and selling them in the Slave States.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>Landowner and illegal slave trader John Hart Crenshaw leased the state-owned salt works located at the Illinois Salines, two saline springs along the Saline River near Equality that were important sources of salt since prehistory. Salt was vital to the early American frontier economy, both as a nutrient and as a means to preserve food. Illinois was a free state, and the Illinois State Constitution bans slavery. However, the law permitted the use of slaves at the salt works since the labor was so arduous that no free men could be found to do it. As the lessee of the salt works, Crenshaw was one of a small minority of Illinois residents legally entitled to keep slaves, and Crenshaw became remarkably wealthy. At one point, Crenshaw&#39;s taxes amounted to one-seventh of the revenue of the entire state. Crenshaw owned thousands of acres of land, in addition to the 30,000 acres (120 km²) he leased from the state, and more than 700 slaves. In 1838, Crenshaw and his brother Abraham used this wealth to build the mansion on Hickory Hill, a few miles from the salt works near the town of Junction.</p><br>
<h2>Abraham Lincoln’s Visit</h2><br>
<p>In September 1840, Abraham Lincoln, a state representative, was in Gallatin County for over a week attending debates in Shawneetown and Equality. The Crenshaws hosted a ball in honor of the debates. The ball was held on the second floor. The second floor of the house was designed to be easily converted into a ballroom because the hall and two of the rooms were made from moveable partitions particularly for such events.</p><br>
<p>Mr. Lincoln along with other male guests spent the night in the Southeast bedroom of the Crenshaw House. The furniture in the room consisted of one bed and two chairs. Mr. Lincoln either slept on the bed, which was shorter than he was, or he could have spread out over the two chairs, or possibly slept on the floor.</p><br>
<p>In 1850, Crenshaw and his family moved to the nearby town of Equality, and hired a German family to live in the house and operate the farm. Crenshaw sold the house in 1864. Crenshaw died in 1871 and was buried in the Hickory Hill Cemetery. By 1913, the house was owned by the Sisk family.</p><br>
<h2>Kidnapping and the Reverse Underground Railroad</h2><br>
<p>The Crenshaw House was a "station" on the Reverse Underground Railroad that transported escaped slaves and kidnapped free blacks back to servitude in slave states. The home’s third floor attic contains 12 rooms long believed to be where Crenshaw operated a secret slave jail for kidnapped free black and captured runaway slaves. A grand jury indicted Crenshaw for kidnapping, once in the mid-1820s (the outcome unknown) and again in 1842 when a trial jury acquitted him. The case’s victims, Maria Adams and her seven or eight children, ended up as slaves in Texas. In 1828, Crenshaw took Frank Granger and 15 others downriver to Tipton Co., Tennessee, and sold them as slaves. Crenshaw also kidnapped Lucinda and her children in 1828. She ended up in Barren Co., Kentucky. Contemporary letters identifying Crenshaw’s role back both cases. Crenshaw also kidnapped Peter White and three others in the 1840s. They were sold into slavery in Arkansas, but later rescued. Stories of strange noises upstairs coming from victims, date to 1851. Despite accounts that the rooms were slave quarters, Crenshaw family stories indicate a distinction between the plantation’s household servants and field hands, and the victims of Crenshaw’s criminal activities.</p><br>
<p>In 2004, the National Park Service named the Crenshaw Mansion, referred to as "The Old Slave House", as part of the Underground Railroad National Network to Freedom program to acknowledge its importance in the reverse underground railroad and the role John Crenshaw played in condemning free blacks to slavery.</p><br>
<p>The terrible fates of both the kidnapped free blacks and the slaves forced to labor in the salt works are the foundation for persistent tales that the mansion is haunted.</p><br>
<h2>Historic site</h2><br>
<p>In 1913, the house was purchased by the Sisk family, who began charging for public tours offering "a thrilling experience".</p><br>
<p>In 1996 George Sisk, Jr. retired and closed the museum. In December 2000 the Sisk family sold the house to the state of Illinois. The state paid $500,000 for the house and 10 acres. It is currently closed to the public as the state determines its ultimate fate. Re-opening the house to the public would require renovations, repairs, a new road and parking lot, and a separate structure with a bathroom, all estimated to cost at least $7 million.</p><br>
<p>Soda Lake is a shallow, ephemeral, alkali endorheic lake in the Carrizo Plain in southeastern San Luis Obispo County, California. The lake is located on the southwest side of the northern Carrizo Plain, 103 km east of San Luis Obispo. It can be reached by Soda Lake Road, which runs northwest–southeast between State Route 166 and State Route 58. The lake is at an elevation of 580 m and covers an area of about 12 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<h2>Endorheic drainage basin</h2><br>
<p>Internal drainage of the Carrizo Plain and the formation of Soda Lake began during Pliocene-Pleistocene time when tectonic deformation associated with the San Andreas Fault defeated a stream that once drained the valley. An originally fresh to brackish water lake probably persisted through much of the Pleistocene during which coastal California was wetter and cooler than now. Diminished Holocene precipitation and a higher evaporation rate led to shrinkage of the ancestral lake and associated increased salinity which set the stage for clay dune formation.</p><br>
<p>About 30% of the closed or endorheic drainage basin is to the north of the lake and 70% is south of it. The Soda Lake complex consists of two larger basins, and at least 130 smaller pans. The large L-shaped northern basin is about 10.5 km² in area. The remaining basins, including both those that feed the northern basin and those that have no surface outlets, comprise an area of about 4.8 km². Water levels in the basins rise and fall seasonally. Rainfall on the Carrizo Plain is only about 20 cm in an average year but is higher on the surrounding mountains. Following exceptionally wet winters, typically El Niño years, the large northern and southern basins do not evaporate completely, although the water retreats toward the center of the basin leaving a salt crust up to 20 cm thick. Most of the large and small pans are fringed by clay dunes. It is one of the largest alkali wetlands remaining in natural condition in California. It supports fairy and brine shrimp, as well as migratory and nesting birds. A boardwalk was built along the shore to prevent damage to the saltbush habitat that borders the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Dunes</h2><br>
<p>The largest dune bounds the eastern and southern edges of the northern basin. This dune is up to 470 m wide, 16.7 m high, and nearly 9.5 km in length. Part of the dune is active, receiving sediment from the mud flat exposed between the dune and the salt pan. Most of the eastern (north-south) leg of the dune, which is lower and narrower, is currently inactive. Westward retreat of the shoreline exposed the former lake flat to colonization and stabilization by salt-resistant plants.</p><br>
<p>Turracher Höhe, also called Turracherhöhe, refers to a village, a pass across the Alps, and a countryside in the Gurktal Alps in Austria. The village and the Turracher Lake at the pass, which both share the same name, are separated by the border of the two federal states of Styria and Carinthia. Because of its distance to early settlement areas and its high location, the region was not settled until relatively late. In the 17th century, mining was started below the Turracherhöhe. The opening up of the top of the pass by a paved road did not occur until later. During the 20th century, the region was gradually developed for tourism. Efforts are being made to maintain the</p><br>
<p>diversity of flora and fauna of the Turracherhöhe by means of landscape conservation areas and careful and nature-oriented extension of the tourist facilities.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<h3>Geographical location</h3><br>
<p>The Turracherhöhe is situated in the Nock mountains, the western part of the Gurktal Alps. The area extends from the peaks of the Rinsennock (2,334 m) in the west to the Lattersteighöhe (2,264 m) in the east; in the north-south direction, it extends from the village of Turrach to the plain of Reichenau in the south. Somewhat farther away are the peaks of Eisenhut (2,441 m), Großer Königstuhl (2,331 m), and Gruft (2,232 m).</p><br>
<p>The highest point of the approx. two km long pass summit has an altitude of 1,795 m above sea level south of the Turracher Lake. The lake has a water level of 1,763 m above sea (Adria) level and is connected to the village. The Turracher Höhe, as a "classic" pass summit, is also part of a drainage divide between the Mura valley and the Upper Gurk River, whose source is beneath the Lattersteighöhe at approx. 2,000 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The Turracher Road (B95), which goes from Salzburg along the western shore of Turracher Lake, connects the Styrian Upper Mura valley in the north with the Upper Gurk valley in Carinthia, and it continues further to Feldkirchen and the basin of Klagenfurt in the south. The road on the pass (from Turrach to the Reichenau plain) has a length of 16 km; the section between the junctions to the Murauer Road (B97) in Predlitz and the Kleinkirchheimer Road (B88) near Patergassen is 35 km long.</p><br>
<p>A total of three municipalities share the region of Turracher Höhe: Styrian Predlitz-Turrach in the north and the Carinthian municipalities of Reichenau and Albeck in the south. There are no direct roads onto the pass summit from Albeck.</p><br>
<h3>The "divided" village</h3><br>
<p>For a long time, there were only single farmsteads and accommodations for lumberjacks who chopped wood for the mines and smelting works in Turrach, as well as for the seasonal miners and stonemasons, on the Turracher Höhe. A compact settlement did not develop until tourism emerged in the second half of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Today, the village on the pass summit has around 100 inhabitants, and there are more than 400 secondary residences. Like the Turracher Lake, it belongs partly to the Styrian municipality of Predlitz-Turrach and partly to the Carinthian municipality of Reichenau. The border of the federal states runs roughly through the middle of the village and the lake. The northern part, which belongs to Styria, has the postal code 8864, the southern part on Carinthian territory has the postal code 9565; on the other hand, the telephone area code is the same for the whole village (04275).</p><br>
<p>Thus, there are formally two villages on Turracher Höhe, where the Styrian part belongs to the district of Turrach in the municipality of Predlitz-Turrach, and the village of Turracherhöhe (official spelling) on the Carinthian side is a district of the municipality of Reichenau. But no town signs were installed within the village; a town sign at the entrance of the village announces the Reichenau district of "Turracherhöhe" on the Carinthian side, and a sign bears the inscription "Fremdenverkehrsgebiet Turracher Höhe" (Tourist Region Turracher Höhe) at the entrance to the Styrian village. Those who are not aware of the division of the village due to administrative politics can only suspect that the border between the two states runs here because of the two state flags along the former federal road.</p><br>
<p>In the wide saddle of the pass summit, where the road runs horizontally for two kilometres, there are two luxury hotels, a resort belonging to the German trade union IG Bau and over 30 small and medium-sized hotels and guest houses. There are many vacation houses in the southern and western stone pine forest, as well as the eastern side of the lake. However, these houses are predominantly concealed by trees or are situated in hollows, so they barely stand out from the natural surroundings.</p><br>
<p>The facilities include a bank and some shops for athletic items and souvenirs. But there is no grocery store or gasoline station in Turracher Höhe, for example. For a long time, there was also no church or chapel. An ecumenical place of worship was not built until 1985, at the suggestion of the inhabitants. It is administered by the parish of Stadl an der Mur and is available for all Christian creeds.</p><br>
<h3>Climate</h3><br>
<p>There is plenty of sunshine during the entire year. Due to the high altitude, there is significantly less cloudiness and fog than in the Drau valley, for example. Thus, the average prevailing temperatures are also favorable: the average temperature in January is between -5.9 and -8.2 °C, in July it is between 10.6 and 11.0 °C, and the yearly median is 1.9 to 2.2 °C. By comparison, Klagenfurt, with a height of 447 m above sea level, is 1300 m lower than Turracher Höhe. Its average temperature in January is -5.8 °C, its average temperature in July is 18.3 °C, and its yearly median is 7.7 °C.</p><br>
<p>The precipitation of 1,218 mm is rather low for the mountains. Snowfall normally starts in October at the latest, and a dense blanket of snow quickly forms, which remains until April or sometimes even until May. On average, there is snow for 158 days on Turracher Höhe.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>First settlements</h3><br>
<p>The name Turrach is derived from the old term, "Durrach", which was used for a forest, where there are a lot of fallen, dried up ("dürr") trees lying around. The term is widely used in Carinthia, as well as in the rest of Austria.</p><br>
<p>While the region around today&#39;s Predlitz and the Mur was already colonised by Slavs in the 6th century, the first clearings and settlements south of Turracher Höhe are known to be from the early 14th century. Politically, the region was initially part of the duchy of Carinthia, but it was already divided among three territories in the 12th and 13th centuries, due to the splitting off of the Lungau to Salzburg and Murau to the duchy of Styria. Until tourism began to develop in the late 1920s, there had only been a few farmsteads north and south of the pass summit since the late Middle Ages, but no compact settlement. Also Turracher Höhe played no role as a traffic route for a long time. During the Middle Ages and early modern times, connections over the Katschberg in the west and over the Flattnitz in the east were the main traffic routes in the north-south direction, while routes over Turrach had only local importance, e.g. for the transport of salt from the Salzkammergut to Reichenau (first documented mention in 1332), where there was a branch of the toll office.</p><br>
<p>In the upper Mura valley north of Turracher Höhe, the region around Predlitz (first documented mention in 1311) was sparsely populated because the slopes to the right of the Mura were less suitable for cultivation. During the Middle Ages, the dominant settlement of this region was Murau, which belonged to Liechtenstein. But south of Turracher Höhe, rural colonization around Reichenau, where there was also a regional court in 1520, provided more compact settlements and single farms.</p><br>
<h3>Mining</h3><br>
<p>With a certificate issued in Moosheim dating from the year 1256, the Carinthian duke Ulrich III gave the minstrel and poet, Ulrich von Liechtenstein, the sovereign right for mining in the district of Murau, which contains the region around Turracher Höhe. However, concrete indications of mining in the Turrach region cannot be found either in this document or in the following centuries.</p><br>
<p>In 1657, Johann Adolf Count Schwarzenberg, who ruled Murau, initiated the search for copper ore. In the Steinbachgraben, huge amounts of limonite (a type of iron ore) were found, whereupon the count asked Emperor Leopold I for a license for mining and smelting, which was issued on January 31, 1660. Already in the same year, Johann Adolf ordered the building of a bloomery for smelting iron in Turrach, and in 1662, the first tapping was performed. Initially the mining and smelting took place mainly on the Styrian side around the village at the northern foothill. In 1783, Count Johann Nepomuk Anton of Schwarzenberg ordered the extension of the road, which was 15 km long, from Predlitz to his factory in Turrach, in order to facilitate the ore transport. But there were routes for transporting wood and charcoal above the village, too, which reached today&#39;s pass summit.</p><br>
<p>The general economic crisis resulting from the Napoleonic Wars and their consequences also reached Turrach&#39;s mining in the first two decades of the 19th century. Following that, the iron business—under Peter Tunner senior (the father of Peter Tunner), who led the company from 1823 to 1844—underwent a considerable advancement, due to the streamlining of working methods and the introduction of modern technologies. In the middle of the 19th century, the annual quantity of ore delivered by the approximately 60 miners amounted to about 100 to 120,000 quintals (approx. 5,600 to 6,700 t). At that time, mining was only done during the winter, because the ore had to be pulled to the smelting facilities in bags.</p><br>
<p>As of 1863, a rocking Bessemer converter, which made the steel production more efficient, was used in Turrach. In 1865, three converters with a capacity of 35 to 40 quintals and two blast furnaces were available. At that time, the iron smelting facility was Styrias largest and was considered to be one of the most modern in Europe. In spite of the technical innovations, there was soon an economic decline. As of the 1870s, the sales worsened; the production of raw iron decreased from 3,800 to 1,500 t between 1869 and 1885. Besides increasing coal prices, Turrachs disadvantageous location off the major transport routes caused high transportation costs, which were responsible for the decreasing competitiveness of the iron companies. In 1899, the iron smelting facility was leased out, which brought no improvement, so the furnace in Turrach was finally shut down in the spring of 1909.</p><br>
<p>Besides iron mining, copper mining occasionally played a role. Other natural resources are small amounts of high-grade anthracite coal, which was mined until the 1950s and 1960s. The mining of cinnabar at the Kornock can already be proven in the 17th century. A former stone pit at Lake Turrach, as well as a magnesium carbonate and a slate pit, are evidence of the mining activities around Turracher Höhe, which however were entirely given up in the course of the 20th century for economic reasons.</p><br>
<h3>Development of tourism</h3><br>
<p>In the 19th century, the first housing was built on the pass summit at the Turracher Lake. It served as accommodations, as well as for serving the lumberjacks, stonemasons and miners. Thus, it is known that at the provably oldest inn still existing today on the Turracher Höhe, the "Seewirt", there was already an Alpine public house in operation in 1830. Already at the end of the 19th century, the first tourists came for hiking on the Turrach and shortly before the First World War, the first skiers came for extended ski trips. Little by little, other hotels and inns also opened, among which are the "Jägerwirt" (1905), "Siegel" (1911) and "Hochschober" (1929), which still exist today.</p><br>
<p>It has not been recorded when an old mountain track was converted into a road. On the south side, it is known that the stone "Teufelsbrücke" (Devil&#39;s Bridge) was built over the ravine of the Stangenbach in 1893. Between the wars, the streets, which already at that time essentially had the same course they have today, were adapted to the demands of modern automobile traffic. On the south side, bus service was established in 1928, and the bus line Predlitz–Passhöhe followed in the north in 1929. However, the first tourists were nevertheless forced to walk for kilometres to their quarters on the Turracher Höhe in the winter, since the buses could not manage the steep climb under winter conditions. The first private holiday home was erected on a small hill on the north side of Turracher Lake in 1936.</p><br>
<p>In the winter after the Second World War, the first English tourists already came to Carinthia,</p><br>
<p>which was occupied by the British troops. They were quartered in the seized businesses of Siegel, Hochschober, Jägerwirt and in the small holiday home. In 1946, a T-bar lift was built at about the same height as todays Kornockbahn and it was at first reserved for use by the English. Because of that, a lift on the Turracher Alpe is still called "Engländerlift" (Englishmans Lift) today. In the 1950s, the first single chairlift came, and the Panorambahn, as well. It was replaced in 1983 by a new single chairlift. This was also replaced in September 2006 by a new combination chairlift/cabin-lift. In 1966, the "Pauli Schlepplift" went into operation, named for Paul Pertl, which is still there today. A ski tow on the beginner&#39;s meadow was also added. In December 1976, the double chairlift, "Kornockbahn", opened, which was replaced with a six-person chairlift equipped with heated seats. The newest acquisition is the new stone pine forest six-person lift, as of 2006/2007.</p><br>
<p>As of the 1970s, the crowd of winter athletes on the Turracher Höhe increased and as a result, the gradient of the federal road was evened out little by little by adjustments of the route. From 1978 until 1980, a new section of the road, which had been affected time and again by avalanches, was opened on the Kornock above the old road, with avalanche barriers.</p><br>
<p>The steepest Alpine road in Europe at times, with a gradient of up to 34% at kilometre 60 (reckoned from Klagenfurt), was also sometimes a test stretch of the automobile manufacturer, Porsche, produced after the Second World War in nearby Gmünd in Carinthia, because of its high demands on automobiles. In January 1978, Audi presented the newly developed Audi Quattro to the company leadership on the Turracher Höhe, where the performance of the new all-wheel drive could be convincingly demonstrated on the steep, curvy and snowy road of the pass.</p><br>
<p>The pass road has a maximum gradient of "only" 23% today on a short section on the Carinthian side. It is well cleared in the winter and only has to be closed very rarely.</p><br>
<h2>Economy and infrastructure</h2><br>
<p>The dominant branch of the economy on the Turracher Höhe today is tourism. Besides hotels, inns and ski lift operations, as well as a few small shops and the mineral museum, no businesses are based here. After mining was stopped in the 20th century, the timber industry and forestry are the only "traditional" branch of business still existing on the Turracher Höhe, aside from a few small agricultural operations.</p><br>
<h3>Lumber and forestry</h3><br>
<p>There are still large expanses of woodlands in the Mura valley and in the region between Predlitz and the Turracher Höhe even today in family ownership, which come from the lands acquired by the House of Schwarzenberg in 1623. They are managed by the "Fürstlich Schwarzenberg&#39;schen Familienstiftung" (Prince Schwarzenberg Family Foundation). The area managed by the forest administration in Turrach in the region of the municipality of Predlitz-Turrach is 8,411 ha in total, of which 5,804 ha are commercial forest and barrier woodlands, as well as 2,607 ha of Alpine and miscellaneous areas at an altitude between 930 and 2,434 metre above sea level. The trees felled by the forest administration of Turrach amount to around 24,000 solid cubic metres (or stères) per year, of which 79% is from clearcutting and 21% is from selection cutting.</p><br>
<p>The woodlands on the southern side of the Turracher Höhe are also privately owned for the most part; 90% of the entire forest land of the municipality of Reichenau is distributed over plots of land of under 200 ha. The yield is mostly sold as logs; there are no sawmills or other wood processing operations in the immediate vicinity of the Turracher Höhe.</p><br>
<h3>Water supply</h3><br>
<p>Drinking water is supplied from two springs near the Grün Lake and a further one from Kornock. The quality of the drinking water and of the Turrach lakes is very good, since the community is connected to a public sewerage system which was built from 1967 through 1972, so that the accumulated waste water is diverted over the Reichenau plain to purification plants in Feldkirchen. The Turracher Lake was the first lake in Carinthia for which a sewerage plant was entirely completed.</p><br>
<h3>Energy</h3><br>
<p>The Turracher Höhe was first connected in 1957 to the public electric supply system of KELAG, an Austrian electric company based in Klagenfurt. Up until then, electricity was produced by generators by each piece of property. With the construction of a district heating plant in 1997, hotels and many vacation homes are connected to an environmentally friendly supply of heating.</p><br>
<h3>Transportation</h3><br>
<p>The Turracher Straße (B95) crossing the Turracher Höhe has a comparatively low importance as a national north-south connection between Carinthia and the federal states bordering to the north, Salzburg and Styria. It was known as the steepest Carinthian pass road, however, it is more gentle today because the roadway was moved, so that no escape route is necessary. The roads which are used considerably more by long-distance traffic are the Tauernautobahn (A10) and the Katschberg Straße (B99) from Bischofshofen to Spittal on the west, which runs parallel to the A10, and the Friesacher Straße (B317) from Judenburg to Klagenfurt east of the Turracher Höhe.</p><br>
<p>The Turracher Höhe is only sparsely served by public transportation. From Predlitz, where the "Predlitz Turracher Höhe" train station of the Murtalbahn is located, a bus line of the Verkehrsverbund Steiermark (Styrian Transport Association) runs to the pass summit a few times a day, and the same for a bus connection of the ÖBB (Österreichischen Bundesbahnen, Austrian Federal Railways) to Reichenau and further to Klagenfurt.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The Turracher Höhe was developed for summer tourism as well as winter tourism. There were 233,000 overnight stays registered recently, two-thirds of them in the winter season of 2004/05 and one third in the summer season of 2005. A total of 1,350 commercial and 570 private beds were offered for guests. On average, 320 people are employed in the tourism trade per year. The extension of the tourist offerings has happened in a careful and natural way since the first national regional development concept of 1963. A development model for the years 2005 through 2015 (see External links) plans further development according to these principles. In summer of 2007, the new 1600 m long year-round toboggan run was opened.</p><br>
<h3>Winter tourism</h3><br>
<p>In winter, five chairlifts (one of them a combined gondola-chairlift beside the year-round toboggan run) and nine T-bar lifts along the 38 ski runs begin operation. The "Hausberg" is the Kornock (2.193 m), with two chairlifts running along its eastern slope, the Kornockbahn and the Panoramabahn. The station at the bottom of the Kornockbahn lift is in the middle of the village and also runs in the summer. On the northern slope of the Turracher Höhe, there is a demanding FIS ski run into the Turrach valley. In the eastern and western flanks of the saddle, there are longer ski runs of easy to medium difficulty.</p><br>
<p>In total, 25 km of cross-country ski runs have been laid, with winter hiking paths beside them. On the lake, areas for ice skating and curling are kept free of snow. The "Seetaxi" is unique. It is a snowmobile with holding rods, which shuttles along the border between Styria and Carinthia between the ski lifts east and west of the lake and pulls skiers over the frozen lake without charge.</p><br>
<h3>Summer tourism</h3><br>
<p>The Turracher Lake is seldom used for swimming in the summer, since the water temperature rarely goes above 18 °C. That is why the offerings for summer tourism, which has only about half as many visitors as during the winter months, is essentially limited to the numerous hiking paths around the lakes and in the surrounding mountainous country. Five hiking trails are marked as so-called "Geopfade" (Geo-paths), with display boards describing places worth noticing ("Geopunkte", Geo-points) along the way. In the summer, two chair lifts and the toboggan run are also in operation.</p><br>
<p>In addition, the Turracher Höhe is at the eastern edge of the Nationalpark Nockberge. About one kilometre before the Reichenau plain, the Nockalmstraße, a toll road, branches off to the national park from the Turracher Straße.</p><br>
<h3>Museums</h3><br>
<p>The privately operated museum, "Alpin+Art+Gallery", was founded in 1960 as a small mineral museum and it was expanded and newly conceived in 2000. The original museum was in a converted Troadkåstn, as the grain silos in Carinthia are named. During the expansion, an additional building with 400 m² of exhibition space was added.</p><br>
<p>In the village of Turrach at the foot of the Turracher Höhe, there is another museum, "Holz und Eisen" (Wood and Iron), which exhibits items from the time of mining in the region and also offers tours of the old buildings and mining tunnels. Additional articles from the mining and smelting operations can be viewed in the "Eisensaal" (Iron Hall) of Castle Murau. The famous Bessemer converter from Turrach is in the Technische Museum in Vienna today.</p><br>
<h2>Nature</h2><br>
<h3>Geology</h3><br>
<p>The geological construction of the Turracher Höhe is characterised by various kinds of rock, as well as the effects of the tectonic movements, which became visible here and finally led to the formation of the Alps in the late Mesozoic era about 100 million years ago. The eastern Central Alps got their current structure at the end of the Tertiary Period.</p><br>
<p>From the geological viewpoint, the Turracher Höhe and its further surroundings belong to the Gurktal layer, whose Paleozoic rocks slid over the more recent rock layer of the so-called Stangalm Triassic Period. On and under the course of the sliding, there are a whole series of smaller and larger deposits of siderite and limonite. Those are among the ones in Steinbachgraben and Rohrerwald near Turrach, which were the basis for the iron smelting there.</p><br>
<p>The most commonly appearing minerals on the Turracher Höhe are the Gurktal phyllite (created in the Lower Silurian) and Eisenhutschiefer (Upper Silurian to Middle Devonian), and on the other side of the Gurktal layer also Altkristallin (paragneiss, mica schist, amphibolite), some of which were created in the Ediacaran Period. The narrow strips of the Stangalm Triassic Period, which lie between them, consist of limestone and dolomite.</p><br>
<p>During the various ice ages of the Quaternary Period, the Turracher Höhe was glaciated. In the Würm glaciation, there were partial currents of the Mura glacier, which flowed out of the feeding area of the Niederen Tauern to the south. About 20,000 years ago, a strong warming within 1,000 to 1,500 years made the glacial net melt off. As a rare relic of the Würm ice age, there is a glacial mill west of Turracher Lake. Further effects of the glaciation can be observed in the shape of the terrain, as well as in many individual places of the Turracher Höhe. The rounded off mountain tops with tub-like depressions between them (cirques) are the results of the tectonic movements as well as the glaciation. One example of that is the Hohe Kor. There is also a further result of ice age glacial activity there, a moraine embankment.</p><br>
<h3>Turrach Lakes</h3><br>
<p>There are three lakes on the Turracher Höhe. According to legend, they were formed from the tears God shed when He saw the beauty He had created. By far the largest of them is the Turracher See (Turracher Lake), with an area of 19.4 ha. About 300 m away towards the east is the Schwarzsee (Black Lake, 2.6 ha). In the southern direction is the Grünsee (Green Lake, 1.48 ha). The two smaller lakes, left to nature, are less well known, since they are in a protected landscape area and no building is allowed on their shores, and because they can only be reached by footpaths.</p><br>
<p>The surface of the up to 33 metre deep Turracher See is completely frozen over for up to six months of the year. Since water from the lake is used to create artificial snow, the water level in the lake can vary by a few metres in the winter.</p><br>
<p>Aside from the lakes, marshes and bogs were also formed from the glaciers of the ice age because of the high level of the ground water. In the area of the pass summit, there are various types of bogs. In the area of the pass summit there are mainly fens with some smaller transitional mires and raised bogs. On the Kornock there is a vale moor in more than 2,000 m above sea level. The most important bog area adjoins the Schwarzsee and is probably a part of this body of water which has already silted up.</p><br>
<h3>Flora</h3><br>
<p>The Turracher Höhe is in the area between montane and alpine vegetation. From the lower areas going upwards, there are secondary spruce forests, interrupted by commercial grasslands, spruce-larch forests, stone pine and stone pine-larch forests, then heaths of dwarf shrubs and subalpine and alpine grasses.</p><br>
<p>The predominant, extensive stands of stone pine (Pinus pinea) here are worth commenting on. They belong to the largest in Carinthia. The subalpine forests are often thinned out like a park, with an undergrowth including the ubiquitous rusty-leaved alpenrose (Rhododendron ferrugineum), as well as the alpine juniper (Juniperus communis subsp. alpina) and the spotted gentian (Gentiana punctata). On the Rauterriegel southeast of the Eisenhut, there is a spruce forest with a lot of stone pines. In the green alder (Alnus viridis) bushes at the avalanche slope southeast of the Rinsennock, there are many herbaceous tall forbs, such as monkshood (Aconitum napellus subsp. tauricum), masterwort (Peucedanum ostruthium), and Austrian doronicum (Doronicum austriacum). On the Kilnprein, there are large fields of mugo pine (Pinus mugo).</p><br>
<p>On the pass summit, there is a transitional mire: in the mud sedge bog (Caricetum limosae plant community) grow, in addition to the mud sedge (Carex limosa, endangered) which gives the name of the plant community, also the lesser twayblade (Neottia cordata) and the dwarf birch (Betula nana). In the fen south of the Schwarzsee, a brown sedge marsh (Caricetum fuscae subalpinum community) with the endangered species common sedge (or brown sedge, Carex nigra), round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia) and bastard sundew (D. x obovata), as well as dwarf birch. There is a vale mire on the Kornock. Aside from the dominant deer-hair sedge (Trichophorum cespitosum), there are alpine bartsia (Bartsia alpina), alpine butterwort (Pinguicula alpina) and bog-bean (Menyanthes trifoliata).</p><br>
<p>In the subalpine mat-grass grasslands (Aveno-Nardetum plant community) are found the spring pasqueflower (Pulsatilla vernalis), the alpine pasqueflower (Pulsatilla alpina) and Scheuchzers bellflower (Campanula scheuchzeri). In the alpine bent sedge grasslands (Caricetum curvulae), there are red-flowered dwarf primula (Primula minima) and sticky primrose (Primula glutinosa). In the coloured fescue grasslands on the south-facing steep slopes, there are the villous primula (Primula villosa, "red spike") in the dark blue flowered form endemic to the northern alps. In the Polsterfluren, Wulfs androsace (Androsace wulfeniana), endemic to the eastern alps, and Wulf&#39;s houseleek (Sempervivum wulfenii) grow.</p><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>In the region of the Turracher Höhe, the entire spectrum of the Alpine animal world is found, with the exception of the ibex, which was never indigenous here. Besides hoofed game animals (red deer, chamois, roe deer) and the corvids (raven, jackdaw, magpie), there are also four members of the pheasant family (capercaillie, black grouse, willow grouse and hazel grouse) in stable populations. In predatory game animals, there are fox, badger, pine marten, stone marten, European polecat, ermine and least weasel. Birds of prey, such as goshawk, Eurasian sparrowhawk, European kestrel, golden eagle, as well as more rarely Eurasian hobby and peregrine are also seen here. From the nocturnal birds of prey, there are the Eurasian eagle-owl, tawny owl, Tengmalm&#39;s owl and Eurasian pygmy-owl. There are also marmots.</p><br>
<h3>Carboniferous Period flora of the Stangalpe</h3><br>
<p>In the approximately 300 million year old slate from the Carboniferous Period, fossilised plants had already been found in the late 18th century. Scientifically recorded for the first time in 1835 by Ami Boué, there are 72 species of coal forest plants from the Stangalpe known today, among which are the giant horsetails (Calamites), Sigillaria, ferns (Pecopteris), Cordaites and conifers (Dicranophyllum).</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>All references are in German.</p><br>
<p>A. Fritz, M. Boersma, K. Krainer: Steinkohlenzeitliche Pflanzenfossilien. Carinthia II, Klagenfurt 1990. 189 pp.</p><br>
<p>W. J. Jongmans: Die Flora des "Stangalpe"-Gebietes in Steiermark. In: C. R. 2e Congr. Pour l’avancement dea etudes de Stratigraphie Carbonifere, Heerlen 1935. Maestricht 1938, Vol. III, p. 1259–1298.</p><br>
<p>Matthias Maierbrugger: Turracherhöhe und Nockalmstrasse. Ein Führer und Ratgeber durch Landschaft und Geschichte. Verlag Johannes Heyn, Klagenfurt 1984,</p><br>
<p>Barbara and Peter Leeb (publ.) / With text by Matthias Maierbrugger. Der Hochschober, die Turracher Höhe und die Nockberge: ein Buch für "Hochschober-Gäste" als Verbindung zwischen Gestern und Heute. Heyn Verlag, Klagenfurt, 2001..</p><br>
<p>Georg Sterk, Friedrich H Ucik: Die Turracher Höhe. Auf den Spuren der Zeit. Verlag Johannes Heyn, Klagenfurt 2003,</p><br>
<p>Thompson Pond is a fresh water pond in central Massachusetts, near North Spencer and Paxton. It is part of the Chicopee River Watershed.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>Turkey Hill Brook starts at Turkey Hill Pond, works its way down to Eames Pond (Moore State Park) and eventually joins Caruth Brook to form Thompson Pond. Turkey Hill Brook flows into the Seven Mile River. At one time, this creek had seven dams on it. Thompson Pond comprises approximately 116 acre. An earthen dam, approximately 150 ft in length with a 50 ft long concrete spillway, forms the pond.</p><br>
<p>Caruth Brook drains a huge wetlands to the north and west of Thompson Pond.</p><br>
<h2>Information</h2><br>
<p>Thompson Pond is within the Spencer State Forest reservation.</p><br>
<p>The Worcester County 4-H Club maintains a summer camp, Camp Marshall, on its shores. Camp Marshall was originally built as a Civilian Conservation Corps Camp in the 1930s. In 1948 the state provided a lease for a residential camp program.</p><br>
<h2>Fishing</h2><br>
<p>Thompson Pond offers good fishing for many warm water fish. A survey conducted in 1994 showed thirteen species including Large and Small-mouth Bass, Chain Pickerel, Yellow Perch, White Perch, Black Crappie, Bluegill, Pumpkinseed, Brown and Yellow Bullhead, Golden Shiner, and Sucker.</p><br>
<p>The Agawam River is a 10.7 mi stream in southeastern Massachusetts, USA, that is part of the Wareham River estuary watershed. The Agawam River is named in honor of the peaceful Native Americans that helped the Massachusetts Bay Colony establish its first Connecticut River Valley settlement at Springfield, Massachusetts in 1636, and helped it to flourish while many of the Connecticut Colony settlements south of Springfield were attacked or destroyed by more war-like Native American tribes.</p><br>
<p>The Agawam River originates at Halfway Pond, east of the Myles Standish State Forest in Plymouth, flows southwest through Glen Charlie Pond and East Wareham, and drains into the Wareham River near the center of Wareham. As the estuary&#39;s major contributor of nutrients and fresh water, the Agawam was one of the most important herring rivers in Massachusetts. Its herring runs have been operated by European settlers since 1632 and were officially established as a managed run in 1832.</p><br>
<p>Even today, it remains one of the few managed herring runs in Massachusetts, although few fish reach the river&#39;s spawning and nursery habitat. It includes 570 acre of water bodies that could serve as habitat to alewife, blueback herring, and American shad. Approximately 36% of this habitat is in Halfway Pond. Fishway retrofit projects aim to restore river herring population to historic levels, perhaps as many as 100,000+ fish annually.</p><br>
<p>The Agawam River receives discharges from the Wareham Sewage Treatment plant, which discharges 0.76 e6USgal per day of nitrogen-rich sewage effluent.</p><br>
<p>The Coonamesset River  is a 3.1 mi river in Falmouth, Massachusetts on Cape Cod. The river has its headwaters in Coonamessett Pond, flows generally south to Great Pond estuary, and empties into the Vineyard Sound just east of Falmouth Heights. The river is shallow running through old glacial deposits of sand and gravel, and hosts a major New England herring run. Red maple swamps border the river along its headwaters and at its mouth where it runs through private property and Town land, while along the lower river it is largely flanked by commercial cranberry bogs that run to the rivers edge.</p><br>
<p>Long ago nearly the entire river may have been bordered by red maple or white cedar swamp when the Wampanoag fished for herring. After European settlers arrived in 1660, the river was initially known as the Five Mile River. Philip Dexter located Falmouth&#39;s first grist mill at its mouth around 1700, and by 1795 there were three mills along the river with a corresponding decline in fisheries. A "herring war" began in 1798 with a bylaw giving an elected committee the right to remove any obstructions to allow fish free passage from April 1 to June 10. Tensions reached a peak in 1805 when the anti-herring group packed a cannon on the Village Green with herring. It exploded, killing the gunner. In 1865 further vestiges of the war appeared with another bylaw that read:</p><br>
<p>In 1891 the Swift brothers converted river wetlands into cranberry bogs, thus straightening, diking, damming, and channeling the river, reducing some sections to a simple ditch, although much of the river today remains a meandering stream wending through the broad vistas provided by the commercial bogs. Cranberry cultivation increased to 15,000 barrels by 1895. David Belding, Commonwealth Biologist, reported in his 1912 "Report Upon the Alewife Fisheries of Massachusetts":</p><br>
<p>In 1971, the town of Falmouth purchased more than 100 acre of upland, cranberry bog, and Coonamesset River for the dual purposes of conservation and growing cranberries as published in the Town Meeting Warrant. Cranberry agriculture has played a major role in the Town of Falmouths history and, as noted in the newspapers and correspondence from the Conservation Commission to the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection shortly thereafter, the major goal was to preserve cranberry cultivation as farming was rapidly disappearing in Falmouth. Since this time, cranberry cultivation has continued unchanged while environmental awareness has increased, bringing the conservation goal to the fore. While the Coonamessett maintained a healthy herring run for many years alongside Cranberry cultivation, in recent years the herring run has undergone a massive decline, following a similar decrease across New England which has been widely attributed to at-sea factors external to the rivers. In 2004, fish counters saw only 640 fish and the only about 2000 herring returned to spawn. Concern over the herring run and the disappearance of sea run trout has led to a consensus in the Town for better protection and improvement of the river for fisheries including herring. Critical problems include overfishing and Dutchmans Ditch at the head of the river. The latter provides the only access to Coonamessett Pond where the herring spawn. The ditch was dug between the stream and the river and lies above the water table during the summer, and is frequently dry when the main herring occurs throughout New England. The river temperature was also raised by the creation of a through-flow agricultural reservoir and the lack of shade along much of the river above that tolerated by trout. Flooding of the bed of the river by sand released from behind dams due to bad river management has eliminated spawning grounds. Some issues raised in the debate over the depth of the river, which is the same as other major New England Herring runs, and nitrate loading have proved to be unfounded. Studies and measurements of nitrate released from commercial and natural bogs shows no significant difference, and both are sinks for nitrates. Many of the major problems have not been addressed in the current plans for the river, due largely to a lack of a consensus among all parties as to the extent and manner of future cranberry cultivation.</p><br>
<p>The Cassiar Mountains are the most northerly group of the Northern Interior Mountains in the Canadian province of British Columbia and also extend slightly into the southernmost Yukon Territory. They lie north and west of the Omineca Mountains, west of the northernmost Rockies and the Rocky Mountain Trench, north of the Hazelton Mountains and east of the Boundary Ranges. They form a section of the Continental Divide, that, in this region, separates water drainage between the Arctic and Pacific Oceans. Physiographically, they are a section of the larger Yukon-Tanana Uplands province, which in turn are part of the larger Intermontane Plateaus physiographic division.</p><br>
<p>In the western Cassiar Mountains lie the remnants of a prehistoric shield volcano called the Maitland Volcano which formed between 5 and 4 million years ago during the Pliocene period.</p><br>
<p>The highest mountain in the Cassiar Mountains is Thudaka Peak, at 2,748 m.</p><br>
<h2>Sub-ranges and major summits</h2><br>
<p>Dease Plateau</p><br>
<p>Horseranch Range</p><br>
<p>Kechika Ranges</p><br>
<p>Mount Skook Davidson</p><br>
<p>Sifton Ranges</p><br>
<p>Cormier Range</p><br>
<p>Ruby Range</p><br>
<p>Stikine Ranges</p><br>
<p>Beady Range</p><br>
<p>Nisutlin Plateau</p><br>
<p>Skree Range</p><br>
<p>Three Sisters Range</p><br>
<p>Thudaka Range</p><br>
<p>*Thudaka Peak</p><br>
<p>Tuya Range</p><br>
<p>*Ash Mountain</p><br>
<p>The Stikine Ranges are a group of mountain ranges and mountainous plateaus in northwestern British Columbia, Canada. They are the northernmost subdivision of the Cassiar Mountains and among the least explored and most undeveloped parts of the province.</p><br>
<p>The Sifton Ranges, which are also part of the Cassiar Mountains, lie immediately east of the Stikine Ranges just north of the Finlay River; northwest of there the larger Kechika Ranges lie between the Stikine Ranges and the Rocky Mountain Trench. The Stikine Plateau lies to the west of the Stikine Ranges.</p><br>
<h2>Extent</h2><br>
<p>The ranges run on a NW-SE axis from the Yukon boundary, adjacent to the Nisutlin Plateau at c. , to the Finlay River at c. .</p><br>
<h2>Sub-ranges</h2><br>
<p>*Beady Range</p><br>
<p>*Nisutlin Plateau*</p><br>
<p>*Skree Range</p><br>
<p>*Three Sisters Range</p><br>
<p>*Thudaka Range</p><br>
<p>*Tuya Range</p><br>
<p>*Holland&#39;s map shows the Nisutlin Plateau as part of the Yukon Plateau, though in the text describes it as part of the Stikine Ranges.</p><br>
<p>Cosgrove aqueduct is a navigable cast iron trough navigable aqueduct that carries the Grand Union Canal over the River Great Ouse, on the borders between Buckinghamshire and Northamptonshire at the northwest margin of Milton Keynes in England. The present structure was built in 1811, to replace a previous brick structure that had failed. When the present structure was erected, it was known as the "Iron Trunk".</p><br>
<p>The structure has two cast iron trough spans, with a single central masonry pier. The abutments were constructed in masonry but have been refaced in brick during the twentieth century. The trough is 15 ft wide, 6 ft deep, with a total length of 101 ft. The canal surface is about 40 ft above the surface of the river. There are large approach earthworks about 36 ft high above the valley floor and 150 ft wide, with a total length of half a mile (800m).</p><br>
<h2>Origins</h2><br>
<p>The Grand Junction Canal (later absorbed into the Grand Union Canal) required to cross the course of the River Great Ouse, the lowest point between the summits at Tring and Braunston. Initially flights of locks, four at the southeast and five at the northwest, were used to allow the canal to descend to cross the river on the level, and this arrangement came into action in 1800. However William Jessop, the canal company’s engineer, designed a three-arch brick viaduct so that the canal could cross at a higher level, reducing the water loss and delay in locking down to river level.</p><br>
<p>His structure was opened on 26 August 1805, but a section of the canal embankment collapsed in January 1806; this was repaired, but the aqueduct structure itself collapsed in February 1808, severing the canal.</p><br>
<p>Although Jessop is sometimes blamed for the failure of the first structure, the collapse actually led to a legal dispute with the original contractor. The issue went to trial, with damages eventually being awarded to the Grand Junction Company for loss of trade while the canal was out of action, and the cost of the replacement aqueduct.</p><br>
<h2>The second structure</h2><br>
<p>As a temporary measure the lock system originally installed was brought back into use, and Benjamin Bevan, an engineer employed by the canal company, designed a replacement structure. By this time, cast iron trough aqueducts designed by Thomas Telford for the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and elsewhere, had become proven, and Bevan adopted the system for his structure. However, the canal was then operating as a wide canal in contradistinction to some northern narrowboat canals, so that the troughs had to be substantially larger and stronger than elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>The cast iron units were cast at the Ketley foundry at Coalbrookdale; the company had already been involved with Telford on the Longdon-on-Tern Aqueduct. They were transported to Cosgrove by the canal itself, and assembled and erected at site. The new structure was completed in January 1811.</p><br>
<h2>Structural details</h2><br>
<p>To resist the substantial additional loading of a wide canal, Bevan designed the floor sections to be arched, providing additional strength; in addition there are arch ribs built in with the trough side plates to give additional shear strength</p><br>
<p>The towpath is cantilevered from one side, as at Froncysyllte, and supported by diagonal struts.</p><br>
<p>There is a cattle creep in the embankment either side of the main structure; cattle creeps are small field-to-field access openings for farm animals and occasionally, as in this case, pedestrians.</p><br>
<p>Polyclinic Medical Center, also known as Polyclinic Hospital, is a polyclinic in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and part of UPMC Pinnacle, a regional system of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  that serves South Central Pennsylvania. Originally opening in 1909 The hospital is a teaching facility providing comprehensive outpatient and specialty care services. Specialties include, regional cancer center, a 40-bed rehabilitation unit, 27-bed psychiatric unit and an 88-bed skilled nursing unit. Physician residency programs exist on-site for family practice and internal medicine. A separately owned and operated long-term acute care hospital used to be located at the facility, it has since been moved to Pinnacle&#39;s main campus near downtown Harrisburg. There is also a FirstPlace Health Care urgent care center on site.</p><br>
<p>The original building housing the first hospital at this location, dates to 1925-1926, with expansions in 1949-1952, 1955, 1959, and 1960. Its architecture is that of the Colonial Revival period. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Over Water is a small lake or tarn in the north of the English Lake District, southwest of the hamlet of Longlands. Binsey, Great Cockup and Longlands Fell overlook the lake.</p><br>
<p>Over Water was a small natural waterbody which was dammed in 1904 to increase its size. It now serves as a reservoir supplying drinking water to the town of Wigton. Over Water supports a range of flora including water lilies and water lobelia.</p><br>
<p>The name of the tarn has changed over time. It was recorded as Orre Water in 1687, which derives from the Old Norse which means the lake where blackcock or grouse are found or Orris lake...ON orri&#39; is a bird of the grouse family, but hence also a nickname and pers. n.."</p><br>
<p>While there are public footpaths in the area, there is no public access to the lake itself as it is Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). The lake is owned by the National Trust, while the shore is privately owned by a number of different landowners.</p><br>
<p>It is notable for being a feeding place for the Ospreys which breed beside Bassenthwaite Lake. Ospreys are still extremely rare breeding birds in England. There is an official Osprey viewpoint at Dodd Wood in the locality.</p><br>
<p>The Wurzen Pass  is a mountain pass in a col of the Karawanken mountain range in the Southern Limestone Alps, on the border between Radendorf in the Austrian state of Carinthia and Kranjska Gora in Slovenia. It is named after the nearby village of Podkoren .</p><br>
<p>The pass connects the Austrian B109 Wurzenpass Straße from Villach with the Slovenian highway No. 201 to the A2 motorway and Ljubljana. Though its elevation of 1,073 m is relatively moderate, the road contains numerous curves and includes several steep ascents with a maximum grade of 18 percent.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Wurzenpass has been a historic crossing of the Karawanken, though the main trade route from the Duchy of Carinthia to Trieste, the Austrian Littoral and Carniola ran from Tarvisio along the Predil Pass and the high valley of Rateče that was much easier to traverse. Its importance increased with the lay out of a first paved road finished in 1734. During the Cold War the Austrian Armed Forces built several defence works and bunkers along the Wurzenpass Straße which today are open to the public in the context of a documentation centre.</p><br>
<p>Until the opening of the Karawanken Motorway Tunnel in 1991, the Wurzenpass along with the eastern Loibl (Ljubelj) was one of the main arteries for traffic from Austria through former Yugoslavia, starting point of the notorious autoput highway to Greece and Turkey. When Slovenia joined the European Union on 1 May 2004, customs controls were removed from the border. As Slovenia entered the Schengen Area in 2007, passport controls with police checkpoints were consequently abolished on 21 December 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Niederhorn  is a peak of the Emmental Alps in the Bernese Oberland near Beatenberg. It is the peak farthest west in the Güggis ridge. From its summit you can see Lake Thun and the entire Bernese Alps.</p><br>
<p>An aerial cable car to the summit was completed in 1946 with a restaurant and children&#39;s playground at the top. Today the summit can be reached by the Seilbahnen Beatenberg-Niederhorn, a more modern gondola lift that runs from the village of Beatenberg, where it connects with the Thunersee–Beatenberg Bahn, a funicular with connections to the shipping services on Lake Thun.</p><br>
<p>A 89 m high steel lattice antenna tower was built near the restaurant in 1975. It broadcasts FM radio and television.</p><br>
<p>Thunersee.jpgView of Thun and Lake Thun from the Niederhorn</p><br>
<p>Sendeturm-niederhorn.jpgAntenna tower on the Niederhorn</p><br>
<p>Central Mount Stuart is a mountain peak situated in the southern Northern Territory, Australia. It is a prominent landmark easily seen from the nearby Stuart Highway, which at closest approach lies about 6 km to the southeast. The dark red sandstone that comprise the peak, referred to by geologists as Central Mount Stuart Formation, form part of the Georgina Basin.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is named in honour of Scottish explorer John McDouall Stuart. Stuart reached the area on 22 April 1860 and determined a point approximately 4 km south-southwest of the peak to be the centre of Australia, (This assessment is not supported by modern geographers—see centre points of Australia.) He climbed to the top the next day, writing in his journal:</p><br>
<p>"Took Kekwick and the flag, and went to the top of the mount, but found it to be much higher and more difficult of ascent than I anticipated. After a deal of labour, slips, and knocks, we at last arrived on the top. It is quite as high as Mount Serle, if not higher. The view to the north is over a large plain of gums, mulga, and spinifex, with watercourses running through it. The large gum creek that we crossed winds round this hill in a north-east direction; at about ten miles it is joined by another. After joining they take a course more north, and I lost sight of them in the far-distant plain. To the north-north-east is the termination of the hills; to the north-east, east and south-east are broken ranges, and to the north-north-west the ranges on the west side of the plain terminate. To the north-west are broken ranges; and to the west is a very high peak, between which and this place to the south-west are a number of isolated hills. Built a large cone of stones, in the centre of which I placed a pole with the British flag nailed to it. Near the top of the cone I placed a small bottle, in which there is a slip of paper, with our signatures to it, stating by whom it was raised. We then gave three hearty cheers for the flag, the emblem of civil and religious liberty, and may it be a sign to the natives that the dawn of liberty, civilization, and Christianity is about to break upon them. We can see no water from the top. Descended, but did not reach the camp till after dark."</p><br>
<p>Stuart originally named the peak Central Mount Sturt, after his former expedition leader Charles Sturt. The name was changed (possibly at the instigation of James Chambers) soon after Stuart&#39;s return at Adelaide at the end of the expedition, such that Central Mount Stuart is the name that appeared in the published expedition journal.</p><br>
<p>Phelps County Jail is a historic jail located on Park Street between Second and Third Streets, Rolla, Missouri, was built in 1860 for USD 3,000. The jail was operated by Phelps County from 1860 to 1912. Union forces, which took over the town in 1861, used the jail for both military and civilian prisoners during the American Civil War. The building&#39;s contractor, John A. Schnable, built the structure from solid dolomite blocks, measuring 22 inches by 22 inches, which were quarried nearby. The lower floor contains two windowless 6 foot by 13 foot stone cells for solitary confinement. The upper floor contains a single room with cages made from iron bars to hold multiple prisoners. The upper floor also includes a wood-burning stove used for heating. Dr. E.A. Stricker presented the jail to the Phelps County Historical Society in 1943.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Pagans Hill Roman Temple was a Romano-British-style temple  excavated on Pagans Hill at Chew Stoke in the English county of Somerset.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations</h2><br>
<p>The temple was on a promontory overlooking the River Chew. It was excavated by Philip Rahtz between 1949 and 1953. In addition to the foundations of the temple a well (17 metres deep) and several ditches were found which contained small artifacts showing occupation of the site before the Roman period including pottery of Iron Age type, and a coin dating from c335-7. Evidence of continuing use after the Roman period is provided by a bucket and an exotic 7th century glass jar found in the well.</p><br>
<p>It was originally thought, on its discovery in 1830, to have been a beacon, for signalling between adjoining hill forts.</p><br>
<h2>Appearance</h2><br>
<p>It was a double-octagonal temple building comprised an inner wall, which formed the cella or sanctuary, surrounded by an outer wall forming an ambulatory, or covered walkway. The outer portico measures about 56½ feet in diameter, the inner cellar about 32 feet across. All walls were about 3 feet thick. Along each wall were two features described by Rahtz as buttresses but were more likely to have been pilasters, as their small size would render them ineffective as wall supports. Warwick Rodwell suggests that the ambulatory would have been cross-vaulted and the pilasters used as external supports for this. This would allow for a good deal of natural light to circulate the building and give an aesthetically balanced look to the structure. The ambulatory would then give the illusion of a labyrinth of side chambers running off from the central area.</p><br>
<p>The site formed a large pilgrimage centre including guest houses and priest&#39;s house as well as the octagonal temple and holy well.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The temple faced east and was first built in the late-3rd century, possibly to the god Mercury. After the collapse of the original building another temple was built, which again fell into ruin. The final rebuild, after about 367 included the addition of an internal screen. The latest dateable coin found at the site was of Arcadius (383-408). The building finally collapsed in the 5th century. The site of the temple is on the aptly named Pagans Hill, although the version of the name is modern and any link to the site in the naming of the road has been lost in the mists of time.</p><br>
<h2>Pagans Hill Dog</h2><br>
<p>Among the artefacts found in the well approximately 15 meters west of the temple foundations, was an unusual sculpture of a dog with collar. The statue was in four sections, measured 63 cm in height overall and was made of Doulting Stone, a limestone, as still quarried today at Doulting Stone Quarry.</p><br>
<p>Mother of God Parish  is a parish church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Covington, Kentucky, United States, located at 119 West 6th Street in Covington. The official title of the parish is The Assumption of Mary, Mother of God, Parish. The church is located in the Mutter Gottes Historic District.</p><br>
<p>This historic church features twin renaissance towers and murals by famous Vatican artist Johann Schmitt, an early teacher of Frank Duveneck, who was baptised in the parish in 1848. In the spring of 1842, the German congregation purchased a lot at the southwest corner of 6th and Washington streets. On this lot, a new church was constructed. Bishop Flaget of the Diocese of Louisville laid the cornerstone on April 14, 1842. The church was dedicated by the same bishop on October 10, 1842. The new church was brick and measured 100 x 50 feet. Transepts were added to the structure in 1851.</p><br>
<p>By the late 1860s the church building, not yet 30 years old, was already overcrowded. Planning therefore began for the construction of a new Mother of God Church. The old church building was demolished and ground was broken for the new Italian Renaissance Revival structure. The cornerstone of the new church was set in place on July 3, 1870 and the building was dedicated on September 10, 1871. The new Mother of God Church sported a large portico supported by four Corinthian columns, two large towers and a central dome topped with a lantern and cupola. In 1875 a magnificent Koehnken Organ was installed in the church balcony.</p><br>
<p>In 1891, the congregation celebrated the Silver Jubilee of the establishment of the parish. In preparation for this event, the interior of the church was completely remodeled. Additions included five large murals by Johann Schmitt, new hand-carved wood altars by the Schroder Brothers of Cincinnati and two imported stained glass windows from Mayer & Company of Munich.</p><br>
<p>On March 10, 1986, a tornado swept through Covington damaging the cupola of Mother of God Church. The congregation quickly rallied to rebuild the structure. However, while the structure was being repaired, welders accidentally set the dome on fire. Ultimately, the building was restored to its 1890 appearance at a cost of over a million dollars. The parish school merged with St John School, St Ann School, and Sts Boniface And James School in 1984 to form Prince Of Peace Academy housed at St John.</p><br>
<p>The Tuya Range is a range of tuyas, located in the Stikine Ranges of the Cassiar Mountains in the far north of the Canadian province of British Columbia, near its border with the Yukon Territory and to the southwest of Watson Lake, Yukon, which is the nearest major settlement.</p><br>
<h2>Boundaries and landforms</h2><br>
<p>The northern and northwest side of the range is drained by tributaries of the Cottonwood River; the southern and southwestern flank is formed by Tuya Lake and its tributary, Butte Creek, while the southeast flank is formed by the Cottonwood River and its tributaries (the Cottonwood is a tributary of the Dease River, the Tuya of the Stikine). The range&#39;s northern boundary is formed by the upper Jennings River, a tributary of the Teslin system which is part of the Yukon River drainage. The Continental Divide transits the eastern side of the range, though does not touch on its highest summit, Ash Mountain, which is at the north end of the range and is within the basin of the Jennings. The range has an area of 777 km&sup2; and, other than Ash Mountain, includes Tuya Butte, Mathews Tuya, Caribou Tuya, and South Tuya. All of these are part of the Tuya Volcanic Field, which includes other volcanic features north and west of the range</p><br>
<p>Ash Mountain 2,115 m is the highest tuya in the range. The nearby Kawdy Plateau to the west, to the southwest of Kawdy Mountain, is near-entirely formed by the spectacular shield volcano of Level Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Tuya Butte 1,685 m was the first tuya analyzed in the geological literature, and its name has since become standard worldwide among volcanologists in referring to and writing about tuyas. The Tuya Mountains Provincial Park was recently established to protect this unusual landscape, which lies north of Tuya Lake and south of the Jennings River near the boundary with the Yukon Territory.</p><br>
<p>Black Spruce is a dominant tree in this area; this species is near the western limit of its range.</p><br>
<p>Shiloh Church  is an historic African American Baptist church and school building at 25 School Street in Newport, Rhode Island.</p><br>
<p>The building "...was erected in 1798, under the will of the late Nathaniel Kay, for educational purposes. Many of the leading citizens of Newport attended school in this house." The Shiloh Church was an African American Baptist congregation founded on May 10, 1864 by Edmund Kelly in a house at 73 Levin Street owned by Esther Brinley. William James Barnett was installed as the first pastor, followed shortly by Theodore Valentine. In 1868 the members of Shiloh Church availed themselves of the opportunity to purchase their present house of worship, on the corner of School and Mary streets, from the Trinity Church corporation, at a cost of $2,000." The church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>Lake Papakeechie is a small man-made lake of 179 acres  located in Kosciusko County, Indiana, United States. The lake is situated south of and drains into Lake Wawasee. The lake is owned by the Papakeechie Protective Association.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lake Papakeechie is named after Miami chief Papakeecha or Pa-hed-ke-teh-a, the most influential chief in the region around Lake Wawasee.</p><br>
<p>Papakeechie was created just before 1910 in the same location and in a basin where six small lakes once occupied this area. The small lakes were named Jarrets, Gans, Hoopers and three named Hartzells. Early in the 19th century a fish trap or fish weir was constructed at the outlet where water flowed to Lake Wawasee where settlers would easily catch fish. The lake (with dam) was deemed completed in 1913.</p><br>
<p>When an 8 foot earthen dam was constructed by Charles A. Sudlow of Indianapolis on that north side, the water level rose elevating large masses of vegetation. These were loaded with rocks and filled with holes and sunk to the bottom.</p><br>
<p>A 1931 Syracuse Chamber of Commerce booklet shows 69 homes on the lake. Today, there are close to 400 houses around the lake, 300 of those on the lake front. There are still a few undeveloped lots owned by individuals adjacent to existing property and a wedge of wooded area. The lots, 50 feet wide with various depths, were sold for $500 each. The 5 miles of shoreline was known as “good for fishing.” The booklet, possibly used as a sales tool, provided the legend, topography, history, information about the hatcheries, the corporation and approaches, complete with photos of the various areas and survey of the property.</p><br>
<p>The Legend</p><br>
<p>The legend states three small tribes of the Great Potowattamie family often settled around the largest lake in the region. The largest and most powerful tribe occupied Conklin Hill, overlooking the lake from the west and their chieftain&#39;s name was “Wawasee.”</p><br>
<p>Chief Flatbelly took his people to the peninsula on the north which now bears his name, “while the finest and bravest young chieftain of them all, having the smallest tribe, was obliged to settle on the hills and fish in the little lakes that lay adjacent to the big one, on the south.”</p><br>
<p>When a map of the region was made, it was seen two lakes formed a turkey with a monstrous head with the streams as whiskers. Thus the original name of Turkey Lake.</p><br>
<p>The legend is when summer homes rose thick and fast around its shores and fashion folk came swell, the spirit of “Wawasee came floating back, ate up the turkey and fastened his name upon the lake where it shall remain imperishable as that of Caesar.”</p><br>
<p>Six Lakes</p><br>
<p>High hills, deep holes, swamps and razorback ridges made up the landscape. The deep holes were full of water and full of fish, yet the terrain around made the water inaccessible.</p><br>
<p>“Immediately adjoining Lake Wawasee was a valley extending more than one mile to the inland; it was broken by several high mounds and two extensive promontories; and its border rises from 40 - above its level.” The mounds, promontories and most of the border were covered with second growth timber 40–60 feet high.</p><br>
<p>Six of these little lakes from 5 - in extent and from 40 - in depth were scattered about the valley. Sudlow had a dream of “A Sportsman’s Paradise.”</p><br>
<p>History</p><br>
<p>Sudlow organized The Northern Indiana Improvement Company and bought the land within and surrounding the valley with the little lakes. The company constructed several dams aggregating 1,900 foot in length, across the several openings and within a few rods of the shores of Wawasee. Wells were driven on all sides of the valley, tapping the artesian wells producing a lake with a level about nine feet above the level of Wawasee across the highway. More than 600 acre of land was acquired with 325 submerged “making one of the most beautiful lakes of pure, clear water to be found in all the world. The mounds are islands and the promontories add thousands of feet of beautiful building sites to its shore line. It has no inlet except from the surrounding hills and subterranean source, but a perpetual stream flows from it into Lake Wawasee.</p><br>
<p>Hatcheries</p><br>
<p>In 1914 the State Commissioner of Fisheries and Game discovered a sufficient flow of water was constant from Papakeechie into Wawasee to conduct the hatching of fish on a large scale. A 4 acre tract was leased from the Northern Indiana Improvement Company for the hatcheries. It also acquired title to several acres below the dam and constructed 12 ponds, one-half acre each, which the waters from Papakeechie step down a distance of about 4 feet and as drainage is needed, steps down into Wawasee, “making a most perfect system for the hatching of fresh water fish.” The lease required the state to perpetually maintain the dams to Lake Papakeechie and to pay as rental, for the use of water, 5,000 number two fingerling bass, annually, in addition to an apportionment of the surplus bass and other fish hatched, same as furnished to public lakes of the same size. The state kept its word. “As the lake is privately owned and the public is not permitted to fish therein, the bass, crappies and blue-gills have become so plentiful that it has been said ‘you can hear them ‘hollar’ at one another to lay over.’”</p><br>
<p>Corporation</p><br>
<p>Upon the death of Sudlow in 1915, his will established a Trust Company of Indianapolis as trustee of his estate. The company came into possession of nearly all the stock of the improvement company and for six years Papakeechie remained dormant. In 1921, the Northern Indiana Improvement Company parted with the title to the entire property to Thomas J. Prickett of Nappanee, who in turn sold it to Papakeechie Corporation, which had been formed and organized for the purpose of taking over the property. The corporation filed plats of the land surrounding the lake, subdividing them into suitable lots for summer homes.</p><br>
<p>“No person can reach the waters of this lake without acquiring a lot from the company or trespassing upon the company’s lands and the company has taken pains to police the lake under a competent and careful custodian. It pays taxes on the lands under the water, as well as those surrounding it and it is absolutely a private lake." More than 200 acres of the land belonging to the company remained unplatted and not for sale in 1923. Wild ducks were reported in great numbers. Nearly 100 lots were disposed of during the first year of the corporation’s management.</p><br>
<p>Papakeechie Lake, in 1923, could only be reached by public conveyance over the Baltimore & Ohio Railway to Wawasee and then by boat to Papakeechie. The corporation began building roads around the lake and in the brochure stated it would have a boulevard surrounding it.</p><br>
<h2>Papakeechie mystery</h2><br>
<p>From the 1950s through late 1960s an aluminum airplane wheel with tire measuring some 7 to 8 feet (2 m) across lay on the shore of Papakeechie just to the east of the dam. It was never known how the piece of landing gear got there as it would have had to have been rolled up hill and over the earthen part of the dam. Some said it was dropped from an airplane but that theory was never confirmed.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology and characteristics</h2><br>
<p>Papakeechie has a drainage area of 5.36 square miles. The dam length is 2460.00 feet (749 m). It has a maximum discharge of 291 ft³/s (8.2 m³/s). Normal storage is 890 acre.ft. The Indiana Department of Natural Resources (DNR) is the state regulating agency.</p><br>
<p>The Papakeechie Protective Association was formerly embroiled in controversy with the Indiana Department of Natural Resources, which asserted that the Association&#39;s dam and levees were badly outdated, unsafe, and not in conformity with Federal and State law. The DNR had threatened to breach the dam if the Association failed to fix and enhance its dam and levees as required. Engineering experts estimated that the cost for this project could exceed as much as $800,000. In 2012 the Association successfully completed the rebuilding of their levee system to the satisfaction of the State of Indiana.</p><br>
<h2>Chief Papakeechie</h2><br>
<p>Papakeechie, or, more properly, Papakeecha, or, still more so, Pa-hed-ke-teh-a, was the name of the most influential Miami chief in the region around Lake Wawasee. His name is prosaically translated, "Flat Belly"! At the time of the arrival of the white man, he was about sixty years old and was described as of a dark copper color, inclined to corpulency, and given to wearing a silver ring or a fish bone through the cartilage of his nose. He was a brother of Wau-wa-aus-see and, like most of the chiefs in this part of the country, claimed to have fought in the Battle of Tippecanoe.</p><br>
<p>His reservation, ceded to him in 1828 and returned to the Government in 1834, had an area of thirty-six square miles, being six miles square. Its western boundary, drawn north and south, almost bisected Lake Wawasee. The present sites of Our Lady of the Lake Seminary and the South Shore Inn lie just within the western edge of this old reservation. His Indian village in Noble County, and the brick house built for him by the Government, to fulfill a treaty provision, was about a mile and one-half northwest of Indian Village. And occasional piece of brick from the house still may be found in a field there.</p><br>
<p>After 1834 Papakeechie&#39;s entire reservation was included in the million and one-half acres of Indiana lands given by the Government to the Wabash and Erie Canal. Later it was sold and the proceeds squandered in that ill-fated project. The chief died between 1838 and 1840, and the burial ground where he rests with a number of his villagers may be found by following Road 8, leading eastward from the north-east corner of the lake named in his honor to the point where it jogs to the north. Here, close by, to the east of the first turn, is a low, swampy woodland, just beyond the southeast corner of which, on higher open ground, as the cemetery, now only indicated by slight undulations in the ground.</p><br>
<h2>Books on Papakeechie</h2><br>
<p>Giese, Vincent J., Lead Thou Me on: Reflections from Lake Papakeechie. Our Sunday Visitor, Huntington, Indiana, USA, 1993.</p><br>
<p>Leffers, Laura. Dance on the Water. Book World/Blue Star, 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Pfeifferhorn is the 11,331 ft triangularly-shaped peak located in the most isolated part of the Lone Peak Wilderness Area of the Wasatch Mountains in northern Utah, United States. This rugged Utah mountain, commonly referred to as the Little Matterhorn, is the fifth-highest peak in the Wasatch Range. The summit can be reached by hiking, though some scrambling is required. There are several technical rock climbing routes with the north ridge being the most popular. This summit also makes an excellent winter mountaineering adventure.</p><br>
<h2>Routes</h2><br>
<p>The easiest and most popular route is the East Ridge via Red Pine Lake trail up Little Cottonwood Canyon. The trail is approximately 3 miles to lower Red Pine lake and roughly 1/2 mile to the upper Red Pine Lake. From here proceed southwest up the steep talus slope to the top of the false summit. A well-defined trail should be visible here in the absence of snow. Continue west along the ridge through a series of large boulders to a second steep slope. You can either wrap around this slope to the south and switch-back up to the summit (easier) or just continue west until you reach the summit (steep).</p><br>
<p>Another way to climb Pfeifferhorn is to hike in through Maybird Gulch. A small foot bridge breaks off to the right from the Red Pine Lake trail and will take you into Maybird. You will pass three small lakes nestled under the Hogum Divide with the Pfeifferhorn rising straight ahead. Once past the uppermost lake you will find yourself in a large boulder field (granite talus) which is difficult and slow to cross. At the other side, a steep scramble will take you to the summit base. A loop trip can be made starting at Maybird Gulch, climbing to the peak, then down by way of upper/lower Red Pine lakes or vice versa.</p><br>
<p>The Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum, located at 203 North Amity St. in Baltimore, Maryland, is the former home of American writer Edgar Allan Poe in the 1830s. The small unassuming structure, which was opened as a writer&#39;s house museum since 1949, is a typical row home. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Due to a loss of funding by the city of Baltimore, the Museum closed to the public in October 2012., the Museum&#39;s new governing body, reopened the Museum to the public on October 5, 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The brick home, then numbered 3 Amity St., and now numbered 203 North Amity Street, is assumed to have been built in 1830 and rented by Poe&#39;s aunt Maria Clemm in 1832. Clemm was joined in the home with her ailing mother, Elizabeth Cairnes Poe, and her daughter Virginia Clemm. Edgar Allan Poe moved in with the family in 1833 around the age of 23, after leaving West Point. Virginia was 10 years old at the time; Poe would marry her three years later, though their only public ceremony was in 1836. Poe lived in the house from about 1833 to 1835.</p><br>
<p>The house was rented using pension money that Elizabeth collected thanks to her husband, David Poe Sr., who was a veteran of the American Revolutionary War. The home is small and Poe&#39;s room on the top floor has a ceiling with a sharp pitch which is six feet high at its tallest point.</p><br>
<p>In the 1930s, homes in the area, including Poe&#39;s, were set for demolition to make room for the "Poe Homes" public housing project. The house was purchased by Richard Gimbel and control was given to the, which opened the home as in 1949.</p><br>
<p>Former displays in the Museum included a lock of Poes hair, a small piece of Poes coffin, some original china that once belonged to John Allan (Poes guardian after Eliza Poes death), and a large reproduction of the portrait of Virginia Clemm painted after her death as well as many other Poe-related images. An original 1849 obituary by Rufus Griswold in the October 24, 1849 edition of the Philadelphia Dollar Newspaper is also on display along with a reprint of Poe&#39;s original announcement for the creation of a new literary magazine to be called The Stylus &mdash; an endeavor that never came to fruition.</p><br>
<p>The Museum hosted a number of Poe events throughout the year. It claimed, for example, the largest Poe birthday celebration in the world held every January at the Westminster Hall and Burying Ground, where Poe was buried following his death in October 1849. In 2009, the curator, Jeff Jerome, planned the biggest event of the Poe Bicentennial at Westminster Hall. He held a third funeral for Poe. Over 1,200 people attended two services. The event received national and international media attention and acclaim.</p><br>
<p>In 1979 during the house renovations, workers lifted the floorboards and found skeletal remains, reminiscent of Poe&#39;s story "The Tell-Tale Heart." These were found to be animal bones discarded into what is known as a "trash pit" or midden beneath the home.</p><br>
<p>In 2011, City of Baltimore officials reduced the Museum&#39;s subsidy, a decision that ultimately led to its closure in 2012. After the City cut off its $85,000 in annual support in 2011, the Museum was operating on reserve funds to the amount of $380,000 in the Poe House Fundraising account.</p><br>
<p>Efforts to secure the Museums future came from such diverse places as: the non-profit project, the New York City based non-profit theatre company staging of The Delirium of Edgar Allan Poe, and the 2012 film The Raven.</p><br>
<p>Jeff Jerome, the Museum&#39;s curator for more than three decades, was laid off in 2012. According to the Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore, the Museum was closed on September 28, 2012 with no advance public notice, with plans to reorganize and reopen in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Poe Baltimore</h2><br>
<p>In 2013, a new non-profit organization, was established to serve as the Museum&#39;s new governing body and operate the Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum.</p><br>
<p>Poe Baltimore&#39;s includes that the organization "...was created to fund, maintain and interpret The Edgar Allan Poe House and Museum, and to celebrate the legacy of one of Baltimore’s most famous residents. We are dedicated to maintaining the museum as a vibrant experience for the thousands of visitors who come from around the world each year, and as part of a broader mission of city-wide events and educational opportunities..."</p><br>
<p>reopened the to the public on October 5, 2013. is also working in conjunction with the Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Poe House is a story two-bay brick structure with a gabled metal roof. The front door is on the left side of the west elevation, at the top of a wood stoop. The house is flanked on the north by a contiguous building; the south elevation is windowless. A single gabled dormer is centered in the west roof. To the rear a two story ell projects from the south side of the main block. Its shed roof slopes to the north. The house sits on the western edge of an active low-income housing project in the west Baltimore neighborhood of Poppleton.</p><br>
<p>The house is entered through the front living room, with a dining room to the rear and two steps down. From the dining room narrow stairs lead to the basement and the second floor. Two bedrooms occupy the second floor, and stairs lead to a small attic or garret, which may have been occupied by Poe. The house retains the majority of its original woodwork.</p><br>
<h2>Works penned in this house</h2><br>
<p>Though it cannot be fully proven, the Poe Society alleges that the following works were created while Poe was staying in this house:</p><br>
<h2>Poe House in popular culture</h2><br>
<p>In the opening scene of episode 2, season 3 "All Due Respect," of the HBO series The Wire, two low-level members of the Barksdale Gang recall how one was once approached by a white tourist asking him if he knew the location of the "Poe House". Misunderstanding, he replies "Look around, take your pick!" The Wire chronicles the activities of the fictional Barksdale Organization based in west Baltimore, where the Poe House is located.</p><br>
<p>In season 3 of the Telltale Games video game version of The Walking Dead, one house in the Prescott camp is a visual homage to the Poe House.</p><br>
<p>Mota is an extinct volcanic island in the Banks group of Torba Province in northern Vanuatu.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was discovered by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernández de Quirós who served for the Spanish expedition on 25 April 1606 and named it Nuestra Señora de la Luz (Our Lady of Light).</p><br>
<p>The island is famous because its language was used by the first missionaries in Melanesia. For the better part of a century from 1849, most teaching in classrooms and schools of all kinds, and most prayers and hymns from Isabel in the Solomons all the way through Pentecost in Vanuatu were done in the language of this small island. Some Mota words are still known throughout the Melanesian archipelago, e.g. tasiu (brother, taken here in the religious sense of "member of a brotherhood" i.e. the Melanesian Brotherhood)</p><br>
<p>The famous missionary John Coleridge Patteson lived on Mota, in the village of Veverao. The first Melanesian priest, Father George Sarawia was from Mota, and the first Christian baptisms and Eucharist and Confirmations were there. Mota is generally held to be the first Melanesian island to become Christian, though missionary work began a year later than on Aneityum.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>683 people live on Mota in coastal villages around the island. The names of the villages are Liwotqei, Lotawan, Mariu, Tasmate, Garamal, Tuqetap, and Veverao.</p><br>
<p>All Mota people are Christians, Anglicans of the Church of the Province of Melanesia. The big days of celebration are the saints&#39; days of the church in each village on the island. However, kastom, i.e. the Melanesian traditions, still means a lot to the islanders.</p><br>
<p>Presently, the island is ruled by a council of chiefs elected from each village. There is a school, Pasaleli Primary School, formally named Panel School. There is a dispensary where a nurse lives, access to teleradio and a public phone on the island. There are also small settlements of Mota people in Santo, especially at Lorevilko and Turtle Bay, and in Port Vila.</p><br>
<p>The Billiou–Stillwell–Perine House is a Dutch Colonial structure and the oldest standing building on Staten Island, New York.</p><br>
<p>The house was originally built by Pierre Billiou, a Huguenot who arrived at New Amsterdam fleeing religious persecution in Europe in 1661. He founded Oude Dorp (Old Town) in the same year, and subsequently received a land grant on Staten Island, erecting the original stone section of the house about 1662. His daughter Martha (1652–1736) inherited the property and resided there with her husband, Thomas Stillwell (1651–1705), and later with her second husband, Rev. David de Bonrepos (1654–1734). She married Rev. de Bonrepos in 1711.</p><br>
<p>About 1680, Thomas Stillwell, a well-to-do landowner, enlarged the house. His and Martha&#39;s descendants, the Brittons, owned it until the mid-18th century.</p><br>
<p>It was then acquired by Edward Perine in 1758. The Perine family owned it until 1913.</p><br>
<p>The building has a shingled, sloping roof, and a Dutch jambless fireplace, which is very high and has a large stone hearth. A secret chamber opens into a room that features a ceiling with exceptionally large beams. Owned by Historic Richmondtown, the house is occasionally open to the public on a limited schedule or by appointment.</p><br>
<p>The Belmont Tunnel  / Toluca Substation and Yard is a designated historic monument located within the city limits of Los Angeles, remnants of the former Pacific Electric Railway&#39;s line that ran between the Subway Terminal Building in Downtown Los Angeles and the residential district of Westlake. The monument occupies a property roughly 1 mi west of downtown.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The monument is adjacent to 299 South Toluca Street, in Westlake. It is bounded by 2nd Street and the Beverly Boulevard viaduct to the north, Lucas Avenue to the west, Emerald Street to the south, and Toluca Street to the east.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>1920s – 1950s</h3><br>
<p>Although the monument is regarded by many Angelenos as another example of urban decay, it has a rich history dating back to the early 1920s. Responding to the traffic congestion that clogged the streets of downtown, the California Railroad Commission in 1922 issued Order 9928, which commissioned the Pacific Electric company to construct a subway to bypass downtown&#39;s busy streets. Plans for the proposed "Hollywood Subway" were drafted as early as February 1924, and ground was broken in May of the same year.</p><br>
<p>After 18 months of construction and $1.25 million in expenditures, the subway officially opened to the public on December 1, 1925. Traveling a distance of slightly over one mile, the subway connected the intersection of Beverly and Glendale Blvds in Westlake with the Subway Terminal Building at the corner of Fourth and Hill Streets in downtown. The subway cars were powered by a new substation - Toluca No. 51 - which was constructed in the yard adjacent to the tunnel portal.</p><br>
<p>The subway proved to be a successful operation and quickly emerged as one of Los Angeles most popular means of transit. As a faster and more convenient alternative to the streetcar or the automobile, it transported thousands of commuting Angelenos each day through the 1920s and 1930s. Ridership hit its peak during the Second World War; in 1944 - considered to have been the peak of the subways operation - an estimated 65,000 passengers traversed the Belmont Tunnel on a daily basis.</p><br>
<p>The construction of an extensive freeway system throughout Southern California ultimately led to the closure of the subway in the 1950s. As Angelenos became increasingly reliant on the personal automobile, ridership plummeted and forced the struggling Pacific Electric company to abandon their operation in 1955. The last subway car to carry passengers - carrying a banner reading "To Oblivion" - traversed the subway on the morning of June 19, 1955. Shortly thereafter, Pacific Electric removed the tracks from the subway, closed the Subway Terminal Building and Toluca Substation, and left the site abandoned.</p><br>
<h3>1960s – present</h3><br>
<p>Few changes have been made to the subway, substation and yard since closure, as the site of the former railway has long escaped the attention of city officials. In the 1960s, the city briefly attempted to make use of the subway for the storage of impounded automobiles, and later as a makeshift disaster shelter. The only physical alteration to the site came about in 1967, when a portion between Flower and Figueroa Streets in downtown was filled in to accommodate the foundation of the Bonaventure Hotel.</p><br>
<p>Over the next 35 years, the site was left largely neglected and its historical significance was overshadowed by its gritty, run-down appearance. The abandoned subway, substation and yard, left intact and open to public view, attracted many graffiti artists. The site also appealed to the homeless, who took refuge in the shelter provided by the subway and substation. There were also several underground "rave" parties in the 1990s, often with the power being supplied from one of the neighboring residential dwellings. To locals and passers-by, the site - simply referred to as "The Tunnel" - has long blended into the landscape and is regarded as little more than another vacant lot.</p><br>
<h3>Current use</h3><br>
<p>In 2002, West Los Angeles-based Meta Housing Corporation purchased the property and announced plans to construct a 276-unit apartment complex on the former Toluca yard. Belmont Station Apartments was completed in late 2008. The entrance to the subway has been sealed and painted with a mural of a Red Car, which glows in the dark, by artist Tait Roelofs. The substation remains next to the subway entrance at the back of the property, behind the new construction, and has been cleaned of the graffiti that adorned it for many decades.</p><br>
<h2>Media location</h2><br>
<p>The tunnel and the substation have been used in a large number of TV shows and movies and other creative genres:</p><br>
<p>The substation was used as the Resistance headquarters in the TV 1980&#39;s miniseries V.</p><br>
<p>The tunnel is the entrance from the refugee camp in the 1987 film The Running Man.</p><br>
<p>The substation is used as a gang clubhouse in the 1988 film Colors.</p><br>
<p>The spacecraft used by the Predator in 1990 film Predator 2 was hidden in the tunnel.</p><br>
<p>The substation is used in 1992 film Reservoir Dogs as the location for Freddy Newandyke to prepare to go undercover as Mr. Orange.</p><br>
<p>The cover art for the album Take Them On, On Your Own by Black Rebel Motorcycle Club was taken in inside the tunnel.</p><br>
<p>The station appears in the video for "Under The Bridge" by the Red Hot Chili Peppers.</p><br>
<p>The substation is seen briefly in the music video for "Get U Down Pt. 2" by Warren G.</p><br>
<p>The tunnel and substation is featured in the 2005 skateboarding video game Tony Hawk&#39;s American Wasteland, in which the player uses the tunnel to travel to from Downtown LA to East LA.</p><br>
<p>The 2011 neo-noir detective video game L.A. Noire - set in 1947 - recreates the tunnel and substation in full use.</p><br>
<p>Commercial Bay was the bay on the southern side of the Waitematā Harbour, formerly defining the original extent of the Auckland waterfront, Auckland, New Zealand. It was framed by two substantial headlands, Smale&#39;s Point dividing it from Freemans Bay in the west and Point Britomart dividing it from Official Bay and Mechanics Bay in the east. The Waihorotiu Stream drained the valley running down to the bay. Commercial Bay was so named because from early on it had been intended as the site for the new city&#39;s business centre, in distinction from Official Bay, where government officers were first based.</p><br>
<p>Queen Street was formed down the valley, alongside the Waihorotiu, and eventually the stream was covered over. The headlands on both sides of the bay were quarried away roughly within the 1860-1920 period, as Auckland used their stone as fill to reclaim seashore land for the growing city and built a new waterfront with various large quays. Nowadays, the former bay and its headlands are mostly covered with high-rise buildings.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Commercial Bay was where Logan Campbell erected his tent 1840 after hearing that Auckland was to become the capital of the colony. William Swainson described it thus in 1853:</p><br>
<p>Already in 1859, a new seawall had been built running from Fort Street (previously Fore Street - along the foreshore) to the newly constructed Customs Street East, and this formed the boundary for the first 9 acre of infill, straightening the previously curved coastline. By this time Smale&#39;s Point was already being quarried for fill and to allow easier passage to Freemans Bay. In the 1870s and 1880s, Point Britomart followed, to provide fill for Mechanics Bay.</p><br>
<p>By 1955, around 1.6 square kilometres (390 acres) of land had been filled in, and Commercial Bay had long since ceased to exist as a recognizable landscape feature.</p><br>
<p>Liberty Reservoir is a reservoir west of Baltimore, Maryland; about a mile north of Patapsco Valley State Park&#39;s McKeldin area. It is owned by the City of Baltimore Department of Public Works, but is located outside the city, and it divides Baltimore and Carroll Counties.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This 1,225 hectare (3,100 acre) was the former site of the town of Oakland Mills, and the Melville Woolen Mills. The land was purchased from the Melville family in the 1930s. A rumor swirled that Oakland would be destroyed, but few left. An announcement was finally made in 1942 that a reservoir was to be built, but reality hit in 1947, when the timber cutters came to town.</p><br>
<p>In 1951, the government bought the Melville Woolen Mill for $1.5 million. It bought the farms and houses that were in the way of the lake. The tenant workers were forced to leave.</p><br>
<p>The mill was dynamited, although its five-story shell remained. It took years for the water to rise high enough to cover the crumbling walls. Over several years, the natural springs, tributaries, and other water sources filled in where Oakland Mills once stood to create the reservoir. Water overflowed the crest for the first time on February 6, 1956.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The North Branch of the Patapsco River is the primary tributary that feeds the reservoir. Other tributaries include Beaver Run, Keyer&#39;s Run, Prugh Run, Morgan Run, Middle Run, Locust Run, and Cooks Branch. Reservoir length is 11 mi (18 km) with a shoreline length at full pool of 81 mi (131 km). The average depth is 59 ft (18 m) with a maximum depth of 144 ft (44 m).</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir is open to a vast array of activities. Patrons can bike, hike, fish, birdwatch, and relax. Prohibited activities include camping, fires, swimming and alcohol consumption. Although not allowed, it is often very common to find swimmers in the heat of the summer, typically the areas teenagers. Baltimore Environmental Police Officers are now patrolling all three of the citys watersheds. As of late 2014, the dam tourist area lookout has been fenced sometime recently; providing a taller barrier for those adventurous. The trails around the reservoir consist of unpaved fire access roads, which are generally kept clear, and many miles of single track. There is a firing range north of the dam that is used by the Maryland State Police.</p><br>
<p>Rogers Island is an island on the Hudson River, in Washington County, New York, that once formed part of the third largest "city" in colonial North America, and is considered the "spiritual home" of the United States Special Operations Forces, particularly the United States Army Rangers.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Rogers Island is located in the middle of the Hudson River, in the south-western area of Washington County, New York. It is a part of the Village of Fort Edward, which itself is part of the Town of Fort Edward, north of Albany and east of Syracuse.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Archaeological discoveries on Rogers Island show Native American hunting and fishing activities dating back approximately to 4000 BC. Native Americans remained in the area until the arrival of Europeans in the 18th century. The archaeological site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on 1973.</p><br>
<p>Due to its strategic location on the Hudson, Rogers Island and Fort Edward opposite became a fortress operated by the British Empire, involved in the French and Indian War (1754–1763) with invasions into French Canada to the north often beginning from the area. Due to the expansion required to house such large numbers of troops, estimated to be 16,000, Fort Edward and Rogers Island became the third largest community in North America, after New York City and Boston.</p><br>
<p>From 1756 to 1759, Rogers Island was used as a training ground for Major Robert Rogers, from which the island takes its name. Here, Rogers trained irregular fighting forces and composed his 28 ranging rules.</p><br>
<p>Fort Edward and Rogers Island were evacuated in 1766 and left to ruin during the American War of Independence, though it was briefly garrisoned until 1777.</p><br>
<p>Evidence found in seven unmarked graves unearthed on Rogers Island in 2006 suggest that the site contains a military cemetery from the time of the French and Indian War. The Island was also home to a British army smallpox hospital during the war, although some of the deaths could have resulted from wounds incurred in skirmishes with the French.</p><br>
<p>During the 1800s, the island was used to train militia for the American Civil War, with the northern tip being inhabited by civilians.</p><br>
<h2>Rogers Island Visitors Center</h2><br>
<p>On July 6, 2001, the Rogers Island Visitors Center was opened on the island. Exhibits at the Visitors Center tell the story of the Fort Edward area, from the earliest Native Americans that lived here through the Revolutionary War. The Visitors Center also serves as the home base of operations for the Adirondack Community College Archeological Field School for six weeks each summer.</p><br>
<p>The Rogers Island Visitors Center hosts an annual French & Indian War Encampment each September that has proven to be popular with reenactors and the general public. Living history demonstrations, drills and skirmishes are conducted along the banks of the Hudson River.</p><br>
<p>Tama Hills is an area of hills stretching across southwest Tokyo and northeast Kanagawa Prefecture in the Kantō Plain on Honshū, Japan. Its total area is approximately 300 km. The Tama River marks its northeastern boundary.</p><br>
<p>It straddles the municipalities of Hachiōji, Hino, Tama, Inagi, and Machida cities in Tokyo, and Kawasaki and Yokohama cities in Kanagawa.</p><br>
<p>The area is dotted with remains of Jōmon period hunter-gatherer settlements.</p><br>
<p>The area had been developed extensively since the 1950s to support demand for housing around rapidly expanding Tokyo and Yokohama. The hills are now mostly a patchwork of new residential suburbs and low, forested hills and pockets of remaining farmland. Some fairly large areas of forests still exist in places. Most notable among the housing developments are Tama New Town and Kohoku New Town.</p><br>
<p>The area is the scenario to the Studio Ghibli film Pom Poko.</p><br>
<p>Points of interest in Tama Hills include:</p><br>
<p>Tama zoo: one of the main zoos in Japan.</p><br>
<p>Zoorasia: a new zoo in Asahi ward, Yokohama.</p><br>
<p>Yomiuriland amusement park</p><br>
<p>Nihon Minka-en: a collection of 20 traditional Japanese farmhouses in Tama ward, Kawasaki.</p><br>
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<p>The Spanish Governor&#39;s Palace is a historic adobe from the Spanish Texas period ( building located in the Downtown San Antonio district of San Antonio, Texas.</p><br>
<p>It is the last visible trace of the 18th-century colonial Presidio San Antonio de Béxar complex, and the only remaining example in Texas of an aristocratic 18th-century Spanish Colonial in−town residence. The National Geographic Society has named the landmark "the most beautiful building in San Antonio."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was constructed in the early 18th century, planned as early as 1722 and completed in 1849. The building later became the capitol building of the Tejas region of Spanish Texas in 1772.</p><br>
<p>The Spanish built the Presidio San Antonio de Béxar to protect the area’s missions, including the San Antonio de Valero Mission (The Alamo) and the missions in the present day San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, as well as the growing Spanish colony.</p><br>
<h2>Description and location</h2><br>
<p>The one-story masonry and stucco structure features ten rooms, a grand courtyard and a fountain, and is alleged to be haunted.</p><br>
<p>The palace is located in between Market Square and the San Antonio River Walk near the current city hall. The address is 105 Military Plaza, San Antonio.</p><br>
<p>McKnight Mountain is the highest peak in the Black Range of southwestern New Mexico, in the southwestern United States. It is located about 30 mi northeast of Silver City, in the Aldo Leopold Wilderness of the Gila National Forest.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is topped by a flat ridge running roughly north–south for about one-half mile; the north and south ends of the ridge are both listed at 10,165 feet. The mountain is forested up to near its summit, which is rocky and provides panoramic views. Its west slopes are the headwaters of the East Fork of the Mimbres River, which flows through McKnight Canyon, and its northwest slopes also feed into the Mimbres. The east side is drained by Las Animas Creek, which flows into the Rio Grande at Caballo Lake. While the Continental Divide runs along much of the Black Range, McKnight Mountain is not on the divide itself, which separates from the crest of the Black Range at Red Peak a few miles to the north.</p><br>
<p>McKnight Mountain is accessible via several trails. One is Trail 79, which runs along the crest of the Black Range, with a trailhead about 5 mi south of the peak, located near McKnight Cabin at the end of Forest Road 152. Another, Trail 82, approaches the peak from the west through McKnight Canyon.</p><br>
<p>Phelps Mill is a flour mill in Otter Tail County, Minnesota, United States, on the Otter Tail River. The mill was built in 1888–1889 by William E. Thomas, a local entrepreneur who owned a flour and feed business in Fergus Falls. During that time, wheat was a high-demand crop, and nearly one thousand flour mills were in operation throughout Minnesota. Thomas began constructing a wooden dam on the river in the spring of 1888, although the dam was prone to leakage and had to be shored up with sandbags, dirt, gravel, and other materials. The mill itself was built by Royal Powers, who built and framed the mill without using blueprints. He was able to keep the entire plan within his head and did not even have to mark out the lumber he was cutting.</p><br>
<p>The mill opened in October 1889 and was designed to produce 60 to 75 barrels of flour per day. It was very successful during its initial several years of operation, and in 1895 Thomas built an addition to grind buckwheat and rye. Thomas also built a bunkhouse for overnight guests and a barn for stabling horses. A general store also was established in the area and is still in operation.</p><br>
<p>As technology progressed in the early 1900s, though, power from electricity, gasoline, or steam became more efficient for powering mills. Railroad transportation also made it more cost-effective to transport the grain to the Minneapolis-St. Paul area for milling. Thomas sold the mill in 1919, and after another change of ownership in 1928, the mill closed for good in 1939.</p><br>
<p>A local resident and activist, Geneva Tweten, led a campaign to save the mill as a symbol of the rural life. Otter Tail County purchased the site in 1965, and it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. The mill is part of the Phelps Mill Historic District, which also includes the general store and an Italianate miller&#39;s house.</p><br>
<p>The Amar Mahal Palace is a palace in Jammu, in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, India, which has now been converted into a Museum. It was built in the nineteenth century for Raja Amar Singh, a Dogra king by a French architect on the lines of a French Chateau. The palace was donated to the Hari-Tara charitable trust by Dr. Karan Singh for use as a museum. It has many exhibits including a golden throne weighing 120 kg, Pahari miniature and Kangra miniature paintings, a library of 25,000 antique books and many rare art collections.</p><br>
<p>The palace was the last official residence of the Dogra dynasty, and a large collection of portraits of the royal family are also on display in the Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Amar Mahal is situated on the right bank of the Tawi River, on a bend of the river, in Jammu. Jammu, once a princely city, is also famous for forts, palaces and temples. The Sivalik Hills or ranges to the north of the Mahal, on the left bank of the river, provide a grand view, with the Tawi River flowing in between, draining the valley. It is well located adjoining the heritage hotel known as the Hari Niwas Palace Hotel, in the heart of the city, on the road to Kashmir.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Amar Mahal Palace was planned by a French architect, in 1862. However, it was not built until the 1890s. Maharani Tara Devi, wife of the late Maharaja Hari Singh (son of Raja Amar Singh) lived in this palace till her death in 1967. Subsequently, her son Karan Singh and his wife Yasho Rajya Lakshmi converted the palace into a museum to house rare books and works of art, with the objective of “Encouraging artistic talent, to establish fine arts centre and to collaborate with other like minded institutions for promotion of Indian arts”. For this purpose, they transferred the palace property to a trust named as the “Hari-Tara Charitable Trust”. Karan Singh voluntarily surrendered the Privy Purse paid to him by the Government of India as a former ruler of Jammu, one of the Princely state of India, and used the funds to set up this museum named in memory of his parents.</p><br>
<p>The museum was inaugurated by the Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India, on April 13, 1975. To promote the stated objectives, the Trust arranges guided tours, book readings, lectures, film shows and hobby classes and other visitor friendly activities in the Museum. Scholarly exchanges, workshops and exhibitions are also regular features held by the Trust. The Dogra-Pahari paintings displayed in the museum were creation of the second half of the 18th century in Jammu and Himachal Pradesh of the Kangra school of art. To quote the words of Karan Singh: “The whole effect is to transport one into a fascinating miniature world with its own aura and ethos.”</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The palace built in red sandstone with red bricks is in a picturesque environment on a hillock overlooking the Tawi river valley. Built in the European castle style, the palace has sloping roofs with turrets and tall towers.</p><br>
<p>The imposing building has long passages on three sides, which are covered by sloping corrugated tin roofs. The passages are supported on columns with wooden framework. The first floor of the palace building has French windows with connected balcony. The top floor has a bay window. The windows also depict triangular projections in classical Greek architectural style, which are fitted over ornate false columns.</p><br>
<h2>Displays</h2><br>
<p>Only four rooms of the palace are open depicting Pahari paintings of Mahabharata epic scenes and royal memorabilia. A golden sofa of the Dogra rulers, weighing 120 kg in pure gold, embedded with golden lions at the corners, is housed in a hexagonal room in the museum, which is viewed only through glass covered window panes as the main door is kept locked for security reasons. The art works of some of the renowned Indian artists like M.F. Hussain, J.Swaminathan, G. R. Santosh, Bikash Battacharjee, Ram Kumar, Laxman Pai are also on display in the museum.</p><br>
<p>In one of the galleries, paintings of Hindu epic stories such as of Nala Damayanti (a set of forty-seven miniature paintings) are depicted. Modern version of the Dashavatara paintings (ten avatars of Hindu god Vishnu) are also displayed in a separate ante-chamber in the Museum. These are unusual modern art set of paintings.</p><br>
<p>Family portraits of the Dogra rulers of Jammu and Kashmir are on display in the Durbar Hall at the entrance gallery. In the first and second floors, a few chambers house the library, which has a collection of rare antique books (25,000) on religion, philosophy and political science to fiction.</p><br>
<p>An exclusive chamber in the museum, once the living quarters of the Maharani (later called the Maharajmata) Tara Devi, is conserved and exhibited in its original form where a silver bedspread, period furniture, photographs, the decoration of the Crown of India which was presented to her in 1945, her personal items of clothing and the unique Victorian bath room are on display.</p><br>
<p>Maljen  is a mountain in western Serbia, just south of the city of Valjevo. It is well known as a summer and winter resort. The highest peak is Kraljev Sto, at 1,104 m above sea level, followed by Crni Vrh at 1,096 m. On Maljen is situated resort Divčibare with 3 hotels, 24 holiday camps, two mountain lodges and two ski trails. During summer the slopes of the mountain are covered with flower meadows with white daffodils.</p><br>
<h2>Crna Reka Canyon</h2><br>
<p>The canyon of the Crna Reka river is located just below the Divčibare resort, to the north. A 12.5 km long path into the canyon, which includes hiking, descending or walking through water, was adapted for tourists. It starts at the Ljuti Krš peak, under which the river springs. The sides are very steep, at some sections almost vertical and are carved in the black magmatic rocks. There is a small waterfall at the entrance into the canyon and, though small, the river creates shallows, falls and ponds. The total descent is 500 m. The canyon, which is some 120 km southwest from Belgrade, is protected by the state as the natural reserve.</p><br>
<p>Maljen - Divčibare - zapadna Srbija - vrh Paljevine.jpgMaljen - Divčibare - Top of Paljevine</p><br>
<p>Maljen - Divčibare - Crni vrh pogled ka jugo-istoku prema Tometinom polju 4.jpgMaljen - Divčibare - Top of Crni Vrh - Place Tometino polje</p><br>
<p>Maljen - Divčibare - Crni vrh pogled ka jugo-istoku prema Tometinom polju 5.jpgMaljen - Divčibare - Place Tometino Polje</p><br>
<p>Maljen - Divčibare - zapadna Srbija - mesto Golubac - Panorama 2.JPGMaljen - Divčibare - Top Golubac - panorama</p><br>
<p>Maljen - Divčibare - zapadna Srbija - mesto Golubac - Panorama 3.JPGMaljen - Divčibare - Top Golubac - panorama</p><br>
<p>Maljen - Divčibare - zapadna Srbija - Stari katun na vrhu Golubac.JPGMaljen - Divčibare - Old house in top Golubac</p><br>
<p>Maljen - zapadna Srbija - Divčibare - mesto Ljuti krš - Crna reka 4.jpgSource of the River Crna reka - place Ljuti krš</p><br>
<p>Maljen - zapadna Srbija - Divčibare - mesto Ljuti krš - Detalj 1.jpgPlace Ljuti krš</p><br>
<p>Maljen - zapadna Srbija - Divčibare - mesto Golubac - Pogled prema centru Divčibara i Crnom vrhu.jpgTop of Golubac - View in Kraljev sto</p><br>
<p>Maljen - zapadna Srbija - mesto Divčibare - Crni vrh - Poled sa vrha prema jugoistoku na mesto Tometino polje 1.jpgTop of Crni vrh - panorama</p><br>
<p>Maljen - zapadna Srbija - mesto Divčibare - Crni vrh - Poled sa vrha prema jugoistoku na mesto Tometino polje 14.jpgTop of Crni vrh - panorama</p><br>
<p>Maljen - zapadna Srbija - mesto Divčibare - Crni vrh - Poled sa vrha prema jugoistoku na mesto Tometino polje 2.jpgTop of Crni vrh - panorama</p><br>
<p>Maljen - selo Brežđe - zapadna Srbija - Severoistočni obronci planine Maljen 11.jpgMountain Maljen - south-east</p><br>
<p>Maljen - selo Brežđe - zapadna Srbija - Severoistočni obronci planine Maljen 13.jpgMountain Maljen - south-east</p><br>
<p>Maljen - selo Brežđe - zapadna Srbija - Severoistočni obronci planine Maljen 3.jpgMountain Maljen - south-east</p><br>
<p>Maljen - selo Brežđe - zapadna Srbija - Severoistočni obronci planine Maljen 9.jpgMountain Maljen - south-east</p><br>
<p>Maljen - zapadna Srbija - selo Gornji Lajkovac - Pogled na severoistocne obronke planine Maljen 10.jpgMountain Maljen - south-east</p><br>
<p>Maljen - zapadna Srbija - selo Gornji Lajkovac - Pogled na severoistocne obronke planine Maljen 18.jpgMountain Maljen - south-east</p><br>
<p>The Upper Yarra Reservoir is located east of Melbourne, beyond Warburton within the locality of Reefton. Water from Upper Yarra Reservoir supplies towns in the upper Yarra Valley, and Silvan Reservoir, which transfers water to most parts of Melbourne.</p><br>
<p>Upper Yarra Reservoir has a capacity of 200,000 ML and was completed in 1957,... the board would spend £3 million this financial year on the Upper Yarra dam....This would bring these</p><br>
<p>large projects near to completion... initially for the purpose of preventing flooding downstream. In 1888, the Upper Yarra catchment was permanently reserved for water supply purposes. Approval to construct Upper Yarra Reservoir was granted in the early 1940s but due to World War II work did not start until 1948. When the Upper Yarra Reservoir was completed the total storage capacity of Melbourne&#39;s system was tripled to nearly 300,000 megalitres.</p><br>
<p>Upper Yarra Reservoir is also supplied by water transferred from the Thomson River Dam.</p><br>
<p>As of January 2007, severe drought in south-eastern Australia had resulted in low water levels in the reservoir, which on 5 January 2007 was approximately half full.</p><br>
<p>As at 22 July 2013, it was at 95,568 megalitres (47.6% full).</p><br>
<p>Mount Kirigamine is a 1,925m volcano, located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan.</p><br>
<h2>Outline</h2><br>
<p>The tallest peak of Mount Kirigamine is Mount Kuruma, on which there is a weather radar site.</p><br>
<p>Most of the mountain is covered in grass with sparse bushes and rocks. The south and east sides are suitable for gliding with a narrow landing zone in the vicinity of a parking lot and a huge emergency landing at the west side of the mountain. The southeast cliffs are a launching point for gliders, with winds above 3 meters. The north part is equipped with ski-lifts.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Vehicle access to the bottom of Kirigamine does not require four-wheel drive but snow chains may be necessary if there is heavy snow.</p><br>
<p>Halsnøya or Halsnøy is an island in Kvinnherad municipality in Hordaland county, Norway. The 38 km&sup2; island lies between the Hardangerfjorden and Skånevikfjorden. The island has about 2,300 inhabitants  and it is the most populated island in Kvinnherad municipality. Prior to 2008, it was the most populated island in Norway without a direct connection to land, but the Halsnøy Tunnel opened that year, finally connecting it to the mainland by road. There is a regular ferry connection from southern Halsnøy to the neighboring islands of Fjelbergøya and Borgundøya, located just south of Halsnøy.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island was the site of the Halsnøy Abbey (closed in 1536), which once was one of the richest monasteries in Norway. Today it is a highly popular tourist attraction. In 1896, one of the oldest boats recovered in Norway was found in the Toftevåg bay on the north side of the island. It was reconstructed to full-scale in 2006, and a monument was erected at the location of the recovery.</p><br>
<h2>Urban areas and industry</h2><br>
<p>Halsnøy is usually divided into two unofficial zones by its locals: "utøyo" (the outer island) and "innøyo" (the inner island). The "outer island" district consists of the villages of Sæbøvik and Eidsvik, located on the narrow northwestern part of the island. The "inner island" district is usually considered as the village area of Høylandsbygd and the larger, more rural, and rugged southeastern part of the island. Høylandsbygd is one of Western Norway&#39;s shipping capitals, and it hosts the headquarters of both Eide Marine Services and Bergen Group Halsnøy, as well as several subdivisions of the two. During the 1980s and 1990s it was one of the biggest, fastest-growing industrial zones in the county.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism and places of interest</h2><br>
<p>Halsnøy is a popular place for tourists, especially from Germany and the Netherlands. Some of its most popular tourism attractions include Radiohola, the Halsnøy Abbey, and the Høylandsbygd shipping mural.</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>Some famous people from Halsnøy include:</p><br>
<p>Tor Bjarne Bjelland, drummer for Trucks and Robert Post</p><br>
<p>Johannes Eide, shipping magnate and decorated local activist</p><br>
<p>Bjarte Agdestein, one of the creators of Oscar-winning short film The Danish Poet</p><br>
<p>Hallandsås is a horst on the border between the Swedish counties Skåne and Halland.</p><br>
<p>It is part of a geological formation that includes an island in the sea outside the village of Torekov near Båstad called Hallands Väderö. The geological formation continues with the Linderödsåsen in Skåne. It was formed during the Late Cretaceous period 80 million years ago. It reaches its highest point at Högalteknall near the village of Hasslöv at 224 metres. In modern times it is most noted for the project which serves to create a tunnel through it to speed up railway communications, the Hallandsås Tunnel and the two skiing centres which were opened during the 1980s. In older times it was most noted for being a dangerous route for the postal services which often were robbed by people in the area. The "Snapphane" guerrilla movement of the late 17th century also operated out of the woods on the horst.</p><br>
